| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
In Vitro Differentiation Group, IPK Gatersleben, Gatersleben, Germany; and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
Stem cells represent natural units of embryonic development and tissue regeneration. Embryonic stem (ES) cells, in particular, possess a nearly unlimited self-renewal capacity and developmental potential to differentiate into virtually any cell type of an organism. Mouse ES cells, which are established as permanent cell lines from early embryos, can be regarded as a versatile biological system that has led to major advances in cell and developmental biology. Human ES cell lines, which have recently been derived, may additionally serve as an unlimited source of cells for regenerative medicine. Before therapeutic applications can be realized, important problems must be resolved. Ethical issues surround the derivation of human ES cells from in vitro fertilized blastocysts. Current techniques for directed differentiation into somatic cell populations remain inefficient and yield heterogeneous cell populations. Transplanted ES cell progeny may not function normally in organs, might retain tumorigenic potential, and could be rejected immunologically. The number of human ES cell lines available for research may also be insufficient to adequately determine their therapeutic potential. Recent molecular and cellular advances with mouse ES cells, however, portend the successful use of these cells in therapeutics. This review therefore focuses both on mouse and human ES cells with respect to in vitro propagation and differentiation as well as their use in basic cell and developmental biology and toxicology and presents prospects for human ES cells in tissue regeneration and transplantation.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. Yi, N. Hong, and Y. Hong Generation of Medaka Fish Haploid Embryonic Stem Cells Science, October 16, 2009; 326(5951): 430 - 433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y.-S. Hwang, B. G. Chung, D. Ortmann, N. Hattori, H.-C. Moeller, and A. Khademhosseini Microwell-mediated control of embryoid body size regulates embryonic stem cell fate via differential expression of WNT5a and WNT11 PNAS, October 6, 2009; 106(40): 16978 - 16983. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Ezashi, B. P. V. L. Telugu, A. P. Alexenko, S. Sachdev, S. Sinha, and R. M. Roberts Derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells from pig somatic cells PNAS, July 7, 2009; 106(27): 10993 - 10998. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Tsubooka, T. Ichisaka, K. Okita, K. Takahashi, M. Nakagawa, and S. Yamanaka Roles of Sall4 in the generation of pluripotent stem cells from blastocysts and fibroblasts Genes Cells, June 1, 2009; 14(6): 683 - 694. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. Li, P. Karki, L. Lei, H. Wang, and L. Fliegel Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 facilitates cardiomyocyte embryonic stem cell differentiation Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2009; 296(1): H159 - H170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. P. Quinlan, S. E. Quatela, M. R. Philips, and J. Settleman Activated Kras, but Not Hras or Nras, May Initiate Tumors of Endodermal Origin via Stem Cell Expansion Mol. Cell. Biol., April 15, 2008; 28(8): 2659 - 2674. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Graumann, N. C. Hubner, J. B. Kim, K. Ko, M. Moser, C. Kumar, J. Cox, H. Scholer, and M. Mann Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC) and Proteome Quantitation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells to a Depth of 5,111 Proteins Mol. Cell. Proteomics, April 1, 2008; 7(4): 672 - 683. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Thomas, S. Friedman, and R.-Y. Lin Thyroid stem cells: lessons from normal development and thyroid cancer Endocr. Relat. Cancer, March 1, 2008; 15(1): 51 - 58. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. K. Intemann and Inmaculada de Melo-Martin Regulating scientific research: should scientists be left alone? FASEB J, March 1, 2008; 22(3): 654 - 658. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. A. Beltrami Life is plastic Blood, March 1, 2008; 111(5): 2942 - 2943. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Zhang, J. Li, Z. Tan, C. Wang, T. Liu, L. Chen, J. Yong, W. Jiang, X. Sun, L. Du, et al. Short-term BMP-4 treatment initiates mesoderm induction in human embryonic stem cells Blood, February 15, 2008; 111(4): 1933 - 1941. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. P. Fahrenbach, R. Mejia-Alvarez, and K. Banach The relevance of non-excitable cells for cardiac pacemaker function J. Physiol., December 1, 2007; 585(2): 565 - 578. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Tanaka-Kunishima, K. Takahashi, and F. Watanabe Cell contact induces multiple types of electrical excitability from ascidian two-cell embryos that are cleavage arrested and contain all cell fate determinants Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, November 1, 2007; 293(5): R1976 - R1996. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Z. Li, J. C. Wu, A. Y. Sheikh, D. Kraft, F. Cao, X. Xie, M. Patel, S. S. Gambhir, R. C. Robbins, J. P. Cooke, et al. Differentiation, Survival, and Function of Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Endothelial Cells for Ischemic Heart Disease Circulation, September 11, 2007; 116(11_suppl): I-46 - I-54. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Batten, N. A Rosenthal, and M. H Yacoub Immune response to stem cells and strategies to induce tolerance Phil Trans R Soc B, August 29, 2007; 362(1484): 1343 - 1356. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. Kornyei, E. Gocza, R. Ruhl, B. Orsolits, E. Voros, B. Szabo, B. Vagovits, and E. Madarasz Astroglia-derived retinoic acid is a key factor in glia-induced neurogenesis FASEB J, August 1, 2007; 21(10): 2496 - 2509. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Heindryckx, P. De Sutter, J. Gerris, M. Dhont, and J. Van der Elst Embryo development after successful somatic cell nuclear transfer to in vitro matured human germinal vesicle oocytes Hum. Reprod., July 1, 2007; 22(7): 1982 - 1990. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Kapur and K. Banach Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate-mediated spontaneous activity in mouse embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes J. Physiol., June 15, 2007; 581(3): 1113 - 1127. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Guan, S. Wagner, B. Unsold, L. S. Maier, D. Kaiser, B. Hemmerlein, K. Nayernia, W. Engel, and G. Hasenfuss Generation of Functional Cardiomyocytes From Adult Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cells Circ. Res., June 8, 2007; 100(11): 1615 - 1625. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Allegrucci, Y.-Z. Wu, A. Thurston, C. N. Denning, H. Priddle, C. L. Mummery, D. Ward-van Oostwaard, P. W. Andrews, M. Stojkovic, N. Smith, et al. Restriction landmark genome scanning identifies culture-induced DNA methylation instability in the human embryonic stem cell epigenome Hum. Mol. Genet., May 15, 2007; 16(10): 1253 - 1268. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Allegrucci and L.E. Young Differences between human embryonic stem cell lines Hum. Reprod. Update, March 1, 2007; 13(2): 103 - 120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Kim, A. L. Clark, A. Kiss, J. W. Hahn, R. Wesselschmidt, C. J. Coscia, and M. M. Belcheva {micro}- and {kappa}-Opioids Induce the Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells to Neural Progenitors J. Biol. Chem., November 3, 2006; 281(44): 33749 - 33760. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W.-H. Zimmermann, M. Didie, S. Doker, I. Melnychenko, H. Naito, C. Rogge, M. Tiburcy, and T. Eschenhagen Heart muscle engineering: An update on cardiac muscle replacement therapy Cardiovasc Res, August 1, 2006; 71(3): 419 - 429. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Van Hoof, R. Passier, D. Ward-Van Oostwaard, M. W. H. Pinkse, A. J. R. Heck, C. L. Mummery, and J. Krijgsveld A Quest for Human and Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell-specific Proteins Mol. Cell. Proteomics, July 1, 2006; 5(7): 1261 - 1273. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. E. Murry, H. Reinecke, and L. M. Pabon Regeneration Gaps: Observations on Stem Cells and Cardiac Repair J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 2, 2006; 47(9): 1777 - 1785. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. R. Amura, L. Marek, R. A. Winn, and L. E. Heasley Inhibited Neurogenesis in JNK1-Deficient Embryonic Stem Cells Mol. Cell. Biol., December 15, 2005; 25(24): 10791 - 10802. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. K. Hamra, K. M. Chapman, D. M. Nguyen, A. A. Williams-Stephens, R. E. Hammer, and D. L. Garbers Self renewal, expansion, and transfection of rat spermatogonial stem cells in culture PNAS, November 29, 2005; 102(48): 17430 - 17435. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. S. Lazo Live Long and Prosper Mol. Pharmacol., November 1, 2005; 68(5): 1193 - 1195. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Visit Other APS Journals Online |
