| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, Göteborg University, Sweden; and Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
This review focuses on the intricate properties of the glomerular barrier. Other reviews have focused on podocyte biology, mesangial cells, and the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). However, since all components of the glomerular membrane are important for its function, proteinuria will occur regardless of which layer is affected by disease. We review the properties of endothelial cells and their surface layer, the GBM, and podocytes, discuss various methods of studying glomerular permeability, and analyze data concerning the restriction of solutes by size, charge, and shape. We also review the physical principles of transport across biological or artificial membranes and various theoretical models used to predict the fluxes of solutes and water. The glomerular barrier is highly size and charge selective, in qualitative agreement with the classical studies performed 30 years ago. The small amounts of albumin filtered will be reabsorbed by the megalin-cubulin complex and degraded by the proximal tubular cells. At present, there is no unequivocal evidence for reuptake of intact albumin from urine. The cellular components are the key players in restricting solute transport, while the GBM is responsible for most of the resistance to water flow across the glomerular barrier.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  N. P. J. Vogtlander, J. van der Vlag, M. A. H. Bakker, H. B. Dijkman, R. A. Wevers, K. P. Campbell, J. F. M. Wetzels, and J. H. M. Berden Expression of sialidase and dystroglycan in human glomerular diseases Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., February 1, 2010; 25(2): 478 - 484. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. H. Fissell, C. L. Hofmann, R. Smith, and M. H. Chen Size and conformation of Ficoll as determined by size-exclusion chromatography followed by multiangle light scattering Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, January 1, 2010; 298(1): F205 - F208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Dobre, H. J. Lambers Heerspink, and D. de Zeeuw Reducing cardiovascular risk: protecting the kidney Eur. Heart J. Suppl., December 1, 2009; 11(suppl_F): F39 - F46. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Hagele, R. Allam, R. D. Pawar, and H.-J. Anders Double-stranded RNA activates type I interferon secretion in glomerular endothelial cells via retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-1 Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., November 1, 2009; 24(11): 3312 - 3318. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Hagele, R. Allam, R. D. Pawar, C. A. Reichel, F. Krombach, and H.-J. Anders Double-Stranded DNA Activates Glomerular Endothelial Cells and Enhances Albumin Permeability via a Toll-Like Receptor-Independent Cytosolic DNA Recognition Pathway Am. J. Pathol., November 1, 2009; 175(5): 1896 - 1904. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Machuca, G. Benoit, and C. Antignac Genetics of nephrotic syndrome: connecting molecular genetics to podocyte physiology Hum. Mol. Genet., October 15, 2009; 18(R2): R185 - R194. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Axelsson, I. Mahmutovic, A. Rippe, and B. Rippe Loss of size selectivity of the glomerular filtration barrier in rats following laparotomy and muscle trauma Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, September 1, 2009; 297(3): F577 - F582. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. D. Sinha, C. Horsfield, D. Komaromy, C. J. Booth, and M. P. Champion Congenital disorders of glycosylation: a rare cause of nephrotic syndrome Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., August 1, 2009; 24(8): 2591 - 2594. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. van Meurs, N. F. Kurniati, F. M. Wulfert, S. A. Asgeirsdottir, I. A. de Graaf, S. C. Satchell, P. W. Mathieson, R. M. Jongman, P. Kumpers, J. G. Zijlstra, et al. Shock-induced stress induces loss of microvascular endothelial Tie2 in the kidney which is not associated with reduced glomerular barrier function Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, August 1, 2009; 297(2): F272 - F281. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. A. Tanner Glomerular sieving coefficient of serum albumin in the rat: a two-photon microscopy study Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, June 1, 2009; 296(6): F1258 - F1265. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. A. Tanner, C. Rippe, Y. Shao, A. P. Evan, and J. C. Williams Jr. Glomerular permeability to macromolecules in the Necturus kidney Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, June 1, 2009; 296(6): F1269 - F1278. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. C. Satchell and F. Braet Glomerular endothelial cell fenestrations: an integral component of the glomerular filtration barrier Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, May 1, 2009; 296(5): F947 - F956. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. D. McMurray, J. E. Trivax, and P. A. McCullough Serum Cystatin C, Renal Filtration Function, and Left Ventricular Remodeling Circ Heart Fail, March 1, 2009; 2(2): 86 - 89. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Jarad and J. H. Miner Albuminuria, Wherefore Art Thou? J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., March 1, 2009; 20(3): 455 - 457. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Axelsson, A. Rippe, D. Venturoli, P. Sward, and B. Rippe Effects of early endotoxemia and dextran-induced anaphylaxis on the size selectivity of the glomerular filtration barrier in rats Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, February 1, 2009; 296(2): F242 - F248. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Gotloib HISTOLOGY IN EXPERIMENTAL PERITONEAL DIALYSIS: THE LINK BETWEEN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Perit. Dial. Int., February 1, 2009; 29(Supplement_2): S36 - S39. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Jeansson, K. Bjorck, O. Tenstad, and B. Haraldsson Adriamycin Alters Glomerular Endothelium to Induce Proteinuria J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., January 1, 2009; 20(1): 114 - 122. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Kriz Fenestrated Glomerular Capillaries Are Unique J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., August 1, 2008; 19(8): 1439 - 1440. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Katavetin, P. Katavetin, D. Nochy, C. Lefaucheur, G. Hill, B. Haraldsson, L. Barisoni, and S. E. Quaggin VEGF Inhibition and Renal Thrombotic Microangiopathy N. Engl. J. Med., July 10, 2008; 359(2): 205 - 207. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Visit Other APS Journals Online |
