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The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Cannon, Barbara, and Jan Nedergaard. Brown Adipose Tissue: Function and Physiological Significance. Physiol Rev 84: 277–359, 2004; 10.1152/physrev.00015.2003.—The function of brown adipose tissue is to transfer energy from food into heat; physiologically, both the heat produced and the resulting decrease in metabolic efficiency can be of significance. Both the acute activity of the tissue, i.e., the heat production, and the recruitment process in the tissue (that results in a higher thermogenic capacity) are under the control of norepinephrine released from sympathetic nerves. In thermoregulatory thermogenesis, brown adipose tissue is essential for classical nonshivering thermogen-esis (this phenomenon does not exist in the absence of functional brown adipose tissue), as well as for the cold acclimation-recruited norepinephrine-induced thermogenesis. Heat production from brown adipose tissue is activated whenever the organism is in need of extra heat, e.g., postnatally, during entry into a febrile state, and during arousal from hibernation, and the rate of thermogenesis is centrally controlled via a pathway initiated in the hypothalamus. Feeding as such also results in activation of brown adipose tissue; a series of diets, apparently all characterized by being low in protein, result in a leptin-dependent recruitment of the tissue; this metaboloregulatory thermogenesis is also under hypothalamic control. When the tissue is active, high amounts of lipids and glucose are combusted in the tissue. The development of brown adipose tissue with its characteristic protein, uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), was probably determinative for the evolutionary success of mammals, as its thermogenesis enhances neonatal survival and allows for active life even in cold surroundings.
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S. Kagawa, Y. Soeda, H. Ishihara, T. Oya, M. Sasahara, S. Yaguchi, R. Oshita, T. Wada, H. Tsuneki, and T. Sasaoka Impact of Transgenic Overexpression of SH2-Containing Inositol 5'-Phosphatase 2 on Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Signaling in Mice Endocrinology, February 1, 2008; 149(2): 642 - 650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J. R Speakman The physiological costs of reproduction in small mammals Phil Trans R Soc B, January 27, 2008; 363(1490): 375 - 398. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Yan, B. M. Barnes, F. Kohl, and T. G. Marr Modulation of gene expression in hibernating arctic ground squirrels Physiol Genomics, January 17, 2008; 32(2): 170 - 181. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Jastroch, K. W. Withers, S. Taudien, P. B. Frappell, M. Helwig, T. Fromme, V. Hirschberg, G. Heldmaier, B. M. McAllan, B. T. Firth, et al. Marsupial uncoupling protein 1 sheds light on the evolution of mammalian nonshivering thermogenesis Physiol Genomics, January 17, 2008; 32(2): 161 - 169. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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V. Petrovic, B. Buzadzic, A. Korac, A. Vasilijevic, A. Jankovic, K. Micunovic, and B. Korac Antioxidative defence alterations in skeletal muscle during prolonged acclimation to cold: role of L-arginine/NO-producing pathway J. Exp. Biol., January 1, 2008; 211(1): 114 - 120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. V. Kramarova, I. G. Shabalina, U. Andersson, R. Westerberg, I. Carlberg, J. Houstek, J. Nedergaard, and B. Cannon Mitochondrial ATP synthase levels in brown adipose tissue are governed by the c-Fo subunit P1 isoform FASEB J, January 1, 2008; 22(1): 55 - 63. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 P. Wiersma, M. A. Chappell, and J. B. Williams Cold- and exercise-induced peak metabolic rates in tropical birds PNAS, December 26, 2007; 104(52): 20866 - 20871. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. N. Brito, N. A. Brito, D. J. Baro, C. K. Song, and T. J. Bartness Differential Activation of the Sympathetic Innervation of Adipose Tissues by Melanocortin Receptor Stimulation Endocrinology, November 1, 2007; 148(11): 5339 - 5347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Scheele, A. R. Nielsen, T. B. Walden, D. A. Sewell, C. P. Fischer, R. J. Brogan, N. Petrovic, O. Larsson, P. A. Tesch, K. Wennmalm, et al. Altered regulation of the PINK1 locus: a link between type 2 diabetes and neurodegeneration? FASEB J, November 1, 2007; 21(13): 3653 - 3665. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. Mzilikazi, M. Jastroch, C. W. Meyer, and M. Klingenspor The molecular and biochemical basis of nonshivering thermogenesis in an African endemic mammal, Elephantulus myurus Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, November 1, 2007; 293(5): R2120 - R2127. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. D. Fink, J. A. Herlein, K. Almind, S. Cinti, C. R. Kahn, and W. I. Sivitz Mitochondrial proton leak in obesity-resistant and obesity-prone mice Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, November 1, 2007; 293(5): R1773 - R1780. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S. Baba, J. M. Engles, D. L. Huso, T. Ishimori, and R. L. Wahl Comparison of Uptake of Multiple Clinical Radiotracers into Brown Adipose Tissue Under Cold-Stimulated and Nonstimulated Conditions J. Nucl. Med., October 1, 2007; 48(10): 1715 - 1723. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. B. Goralski, T. C. McCarthy, E. A. Hanniman, B. A. Zabel, E. C. Butcher, S. D. Parlee, S. Muruganandan, and C. J. Sinal Chemerin, a Novel Adipokine That Regulates Adipogenesis and Adipocyte Metabolism J. Biol. Chem., September 21, 2007; 282(38): 28175 - 28188. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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X. Q. Xiao, S. M. Williams, B. E. Grayson, M. M. Glavas, M. A. Cowley, M. S. Smith, and K. L. Grove Excess Weight Gain during the Early Postnatal Period Is Associated with Permanent Reprogramming of Brown Adipose Tissue Adaptive Thermogenesis Endocrinology, September 1, 2007; 148(9): 4150 - 4159. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Ocloo, I. G. Shabalina, J. Nedergaard, and M. D. Brand Cold-induced alterations of phospholipid fatty acyl composition in brown adipose tissue mitochondria are independent of uncoupling protein-1 Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, September 1, 2007; 293(3): R1086 - R1093. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Karamanlidis, A. Karamitri, K. Docherty, D. G. Hazlerigg, and M. A. Lomax C/EBPbeta Reprograms White 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes to a Brown Adipocyte Pattern of Gene Expression J. Biol. Chem., August 24, 2007; 282(34): 24660 - 24669. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Naiki, E. Saijou, Y. Miyaoka, K. Sekine, and A. Miyajima TRB2, a Mouse Tribbles Ortholog, Suppresses Adipocyte Differentiation by Inhibiting AKT and C/EBPbeta J. Biol. Chem., August 17, 2007; 282(33): 24075 - 24082. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. C Westman, R. D Feinman, J. C Mavropoulos, M. C Vernon, J. S Volek, J. A Wortman, W. S Yancy, and S. D Phinney Low-carbohydrate nutrition and metabolism Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2007; 86(2): 276 - 284. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Nedergaard, T. Bengtsson, and B. Cannon Unexpected evidence for active brown adipose tissue in adult humans Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, August 1, 2007; 293(2): E444 - E452. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 D. M. Huffman, W. E. Grizzle, M. M. Bamman, J.-s. Kim, I. A. Eltoum, A. Elgavish, and T. R. Nagy SIRT1 Is Significantly Elevated in Mouse and Human Prostate Cancer Cancer Res., July 15, 2007; 67(14): 6612 - 6618. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 A. A. Steiner, V. F. Turek, M. C. Almeida, J. J. Burmeister, D. L. Oliveira, J. L. Roberts, A. W. Bannon, M. H. Norman, J.-C. Louis, J. J. S. Treanor, et al. Nonthermal Activation of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-1 Channels in Abdominal Viscera Tonically Inhibits Autonomic Cold-Defense Effectors J. Neurosci., July 11, 2007; 27(28): 7459 - 7468. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Debevec, M. Christian, D. Morganstein, A. Seth, B. Herzog, M. Parker, and R. White Receptor Interacting Protein 140 Regulates Expression of Uncoupling Protein 1 in Adipocytes through Specific Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Isoforms and Estrogen-Related Receptor {alpha} Mol. Endocrinol., July 1, 2007; 21(7): 1581 - 1592. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Hadi, C. C. Chen, M. Whatley, K. Pacak, and J. A. Carrasquillo Brown Fat Imaging with 18F-6-Fluorodopamine PET/CT, 18F-FDG PET/CT, and 123I-MIBG SPECT: A Study of Patients Being Evaluated for Pheochromocytoma J. Nucl. Med., July 1, 2007; 48(7): 1077 - 1083. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Li, Y. Zhang, E. Rodrigues, D. Zheng, M. Matheny, K.-Y. Cheng, and P. J. Scarpace Melanocortin activation of nucleus of the solitary tract avoids anorectic tachyphylaxis and induces prolonged weight loss Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2007; 293(1): E252 - E258. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. C. Souza, M. A. Christoffolete, M. O. Ribeiro, H. Miyoshi, K. J. Strissel, Z. S. Stancheva, N. H. Rogers, T. M. D'Eon, J. W. Perfield II, H. Imachi, et al. Perilipin regulates the thermogenic actions of norepinephrine in brown adipose tissue J. Lipid Res., June 1, 2007; 48(6): 1273 - 1279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. D. Mulligan, A. A. Gonzalez, A. M. Stewart, H. V. Carey, and K. W. Saupe Upregulation of AMPK during cold exposure occurs via distinct mechanisms in brown and white adipose tissue of the mouse J. Physiol., April 15, 2007; 580(2): 677 - 684. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Vaillancourt and J.-M. Weber Lipid mobilization of long-distance migrant birds in vivo: the high lipolytic rate of ruff sandpipers is not stimulated during shivering J. Exp. Biol., April 1, 2007; 210(7): 1161 - 1169. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Voss-Andreae, J. G. Murphy, K. L. J. Ellacott, R. C. Stuart, E. A. Nillni, R. D. Cone, and W. Fan Role of the Central Melanocortin Circuitry in Adaptive Thermogenesis of Brown Adipose Tissue Endocrinology, April 1, 2007; 148(4): 1550 - 1560. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. R. Speakman and C. Hambly Starving for Life: What Animal Studies Can and Cannot Tell Us about the Use of Caloric Restriction to Prolong Human Lifespan J. Nutr., April 1, 2007; 137(4): 1078 - 1086. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. Okamatsu-Ogura, N. Kitao, K. Kimura, and M. Saito Brown fat UCP1 is not involved in the febrile and thermogenic responses to IL-1beta in mice Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, April 1, 2007; 292(4): E1135 - E1139. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Laplante, W. T. Festuccia, G. Soucy, Y. Gelinas, J. Lalonde, and Y. Deshaies Involvement of adipose tissues in the early hypolipidemic action of PPAR{gamma} agonism in the rat Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, April 1, 2007; 292(4): R1408 - R1417. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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