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Muscle Biology Group, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
Goll, Darrel E., Valery F. Thompson, Hongqi Li, Wei Wei, and Jinyang Cong. The Calpain System. Physiol Rev 83: 731801, 2003; 10.1152/physrev.00029.2002.The calpain system originally comprised three molecules: two Ca2+-dependent proteases, µ-calpain and m-calpain, and a third polypeptide, calpastatin, whose only known function is to inhibit the two calpains. Both µ- and m-calpain are heterodimers containing an identical 28-kDa subunit and an 80-kDa subunit that shares 5565% sequence homology between the two proteases. The crystallographic structure of m-calpain reveals six "domains" in the 80-kDa subunit: 1) a 19-amino acid NH2-terminal sequence; 2) and 3) two domains that constitute the active site, IIa and IIb; 4) domain III; 5) an 18-amino acid extended sequence linking domain III to domain IV; and 6) domain IV, which resembles the penta EF-hand family of polypeptides. The single calpastatin gene can produce eight or more calpastatin polypeptides ranging from 17 to 85 kDa by use of different promoters and alternative splicing events. The physiological significance of these different calpastatins is unclear, although all bind to three different places on the calpain molecule; binding to at least two of the sites is Ca2+ dependent. Since 1989, cDNA cloning has identified 12 additional mRNAs in mammals that encode polypeptides homologous to domains IIa and IIb of the 80-kDa subunit of µ- and m-calpain, and calpain-like mRNAs have been identified in other organisms. The molecules encoded by these mRNAs have not been isolated, so little is known about their properties. How calpain activity is regulated in cells is still unclear, but the calpains ostensibly participate in a variety of cellular processes including remodeling of cytoskeletal/membrane attachments, different signal transduction pathways, and apoptosis. Deregulated calpain activity following loss of Ca2+ homeostasis results in tissue damage in response to events such as myocardial infarcts, stroke, and brain trauma.
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M. T. Khan, C. D. Bhanumathy, Z. T. Schug, and S. K. Joseph Role of Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors in Apoptosis in DT40 Lymphocytes J. Biol. Chem., November 9, 2007; 282(45): 32983 - 32990. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. J. Libertini, C. G. Tepper, V. Rodriguez, D. M. Asmuth, H.-J. Kung, and M. Mudryj Evidence for Calpain-Mediated Androgen Receptor Cleavage as a Mechanism for Androgen Independence Cancer Res., October 1, 2007; 67(19): 9001 - 9005. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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T. Miyazaki, K. Honda, and H. Ohata Requirement of Ca2+ influx- and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mediated m-calpain activity for shear stress-induced endothelial cell polarity Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, October 1, 2007; 293(4): C1216 - C1225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. P. Camou, J. A. Marchello, V. F. Thompson, S. W. Mares, and D. E. Goll Effect of postmortem storage on activity of {micro}- and m-calpain in five bovine muscles J Anim Sci, October 1, 2007; 85(10): 2670 - 2681. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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Q. Tian, L. Olsen, B. Sun, S. E. Lid, R. C. Brown, B. E. Lemmon, K. Fosnes, D. Gruis, H.-G. Opsahl-Sorteberg, M. S. Otegui, et al. Subcellular Localization and Functional Domain Studies of DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 in Maize and Arabidopsis Suggest a Model for Aleurone Cell Fate Specification Involving CRINKLY4 and SUPERNUMERARY ALEURONE LAYER1 PLANT CELL, October 1, 2007; 19(10): 3127 - 3145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. Hata, N. Doi, F. Kitamura, and H. Sorimachi Stomach-specific Calpain, nCL-2/Calpain 8, Is Active without Calpain Regulatory Subunit and Oligomerizes through C2-like Domains J. Biol. Chem., September 21, 2007; 282(38): 27847 - 27856. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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F. Sanchez-Sanchez, F. Martinez-Redondo, J. D. Aroca-Aguilar, M. Coca-Prados, and J. Escribano Characterization of the Intracellular Proteolytic Cleavage of Myocilin and Identification of Calpain II as a Myocilin-processing Protease J. Biol. Chem., September 21, 2007; 282(38): 27810 - 27824. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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R. M. Murphy, C. A. Goodman, M. J. McKenna, J. Bennie, M. Leikis, and G. D. Lamb Calpain-3 is autolyzed and hence activated in human skeletal muscle 24 h following a single bout of eccentric exercise J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2007; 103(3): 926 - 931. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. M. Kuchay, N. Kim, E. A. Grunz, W. P. Fay, and A. H. Chishti Double Knockouts Reveal that Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Is a Physiological Target of Calpain-1 in Platelets Mol. Cell. Biol., September 1, 2007; 27(17): 6038 - 6052. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. Peyrou, P. E. Hanna, and A. E. Cribb Calpain Inhibition but not Reticulum Endoplasmic Stress Preconditioning Protects Rat Kidneys from p-Aminophenol Toxicity Toxicol. Sci., September 1, 2007; 99(1): 338 - 345. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. Peyrou, P. E. Hanna, and A. E. Cribb Cisplatin, Gentamicin, and p-Aminophenol Induce Markers of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Rat Kidneys Toxicol. Sci., September 1, 2007; 99(1): 346 - 353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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W.-K. Lee, B. Torchalski, and F. Thevenod Cadmium-induced ceramide formation triggers calpain-dependent apoptosis in cultured kidney proximal tubule cells Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, September 1, 2007; 293(3): C839 - C847. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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T. Ozaki, H. Tomita, M. Tamai, and S.-i. Ishiguro Characteristics of Mitochondrial Calpains J. Biochem., September 1, 2007; 142(3): 365 - 376. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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P. Goni-Oliver, J. J. Lucas, J. Avila, and F. Hernandez N-terminal Cleavage of GSK-3 by Calpain: A NEW FORM OF GSK-3 REGULATION J. Biol. Chem., August 3, 2007; 282(31): 22406 - 22413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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G. D. Lamb Calpains in muscle: selective and protective? J. Physiol., August 1, 2007; 582(3): 897 - 897. [Full Text] [PDF] |
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P. Gailly, F. De Backer, M. Van Schoor, and J. M. Gillis In situ measurements of calpain activity in isolated muscle fibres from normal and dystrophin-lacking mdx mice J. Physiol., August 1, 2007; 582(3): 1261 - 1275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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W. Barendse, B. E. Harrison, R. J. Hawken, D. M. Ferguson, J. M. Thompson, M. B. Thomas, and R. J. Bunch Epistasis Between Calpain 1 and Its Inhibitor Calpastatin Within Breeds of Cattle Genetics, August 1, 2007; 176(4): 2601 - 2610. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. Hikoso, Y. Ikeda, O. Yamaguchi, T. Takeda, Y. Higuchi, S. Hirotani, K. Kashiwase, M. Yamada, M. Asahi, Y. Matsumura, et al. Progression of Heart Failure Was Suppressed by Inhibition of Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase 1 Via Transcoronary Gene Transfer J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 31, 2007; 50(5): 453 - 462. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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C. Li, X. Wang, H. Vais, C. B. Thompson, J. K. Foskett, and C. White Apoptosis regulation by Bcl-xL modulation of mammalian inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor channel isoform gating PNAS, July 24, 2007; 104(30): 12565 - 12570. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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