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Physiol. Rev. 82: 735-767, 2002;
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Physiological Reviews, Vol. 82, No. 3, July 2002, pp. 735-767; 10.1152/physrev.00007.2002.
Copyright ©2002 by the American Physiological Society

Epithelial Sodium Channel/Degenerin Family of Ion Channels: A Variety of Functions for a Shared Structure

Stephan Kellenberger and Laurent Schild

Institut de Pharmacologie et de Toxicologie, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

Kellenberger, Stephan and Laurent Schild. Epithelial Sodium Channel/Degenerin Family of Ion Channels: A Variety of Functions for a Shared Structure. Physiol. Rev. 82: 735-767, 2002.The recently discovered epithelial sodium channel (ENaC)/degenerin (DEG) gene family encodes sodium channels involved in various cell functions in metazoans. Subfamilies found in invertebrates or mammals are functionally distinct. The degenerins in Caenorhabditis elegans participate in mechanotransduction in neuronal cells, FaNaC in snails is a ligand-gated channel activated by neuropeptides, and the Drosophila subfamily is expressed in gonads and neurons. In mammals, ENaC mediates Na+ transport in epithelia and is essential for sodium homeostasis. The ASIC genes encode proton-gated cation channels in both the central and peripheral nervous system that could be involved in pain transduction. This review summarizes the physiological roles of the different channels belonging to this family, their biophysical and pharmacological characteristics, and the emerging knowledge of their molecular structure. Although functionally different, the ENaC/DEG family members share functional domains that are involved in the control of channel activity and in the formation of the pore. The functional heterogeneity among the members of the ENaC/DEG channel family provides a unique opportunity to address the molecular basis of basic channel functions such as activation by ligands, mechanotransduction, ionic selectivity, or block by pharmacological ligands.




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M. Harris, D. Firsov, G. Vuagniaux, M. J. Stutts, and B. C. Rossier
A Novel Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitor Prevents Elastase Activation and Surface Cleavage of the Epithelial Sodium Channel Expressed in Xenopus laevis Oocytes
J. Biol. Chem., January 5, 2007; 282(1): 58 - 64.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
S. C. Grifoni, K. P. Gannon, D. E. Stec, and H. A. Drummond
ENaC proteins contribute to VSMC migration
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 2006; 291(6): H3076 - H3086.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
N. L. Jernigan and H. A. Drummond
Myogenic vasoconstriction in mouse renal interlobar arteries: role of endogenous beta and {gamma}ENaC
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, December 1, 2006; 291(6): F1184 - F1191.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Physiol.Home page
D. P. Corey
What is the hair cell transduction channel?
J. Physiol., October 1, 2006; 576(1): 23 - 28.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Physiol.Home page
O. Poirot, T. Berta, I. Decosterd, and S. Kellenberger
Distinct ASIC currents are expressed in rat putative nociceptors and are modulated by nerve injury
J. Physiol., October 1, 2006; 576(1): 215 - 234.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
O. Pochynyuk, J. Medina, N. Gamper, H. Genth, J. D. Stockand, and A. Staruschenko
Rapid Translocation and Insertion of the Epithelial Na+ Channel in Response to RhoA Signaling
J. Biol. Chem., September 8, 2006; 281(36): 26520 - 26527.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Neurophysiol.Home page
F. Mercado, I. A. Lopez, D. Acuna, R. Vega, and E. Soto
Acid-Sensing Ionic Channels in the Rat Vestibular Endorgans and Ganglia
J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2006; 96(3): 1615 - 1624.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Circ. Res.Home page
J. Yagi, H. N. Wenk, L. A. Naves, and E. W. McCleskey
Sustained Currents Through ASIC3 Ion Channels at the Modest pH Changes That Occur During Myocardial Ischemia
Circ. Res., September 1, 2006; 99(5): 501 - 509.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
V. I. Pidoplichko and J. A. Dani
Acid-sensitive ionic channels in midbrain dopamine neurons are sensitive to ammonium, which may contribute to hyperammonemia damage
PNAS, July 25, 2006; 103(30): 11376 - 11380.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Physiol.Home page
A. Anantharam, Y. Tian, and L. G. Palmer
Open probability of the epithelial sodium channel is regulated by intracellular sodium
J. Physiol., July 15, 2006; 574(2): 333 - 347.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
O. Pochynyuk, Q. Tong, A. Staruschenko, H.-P. Ma, and J. D. Stockand
Regulation of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) by phosphatidylinositides
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, May 1, 2006; 290(5): F949 - F957.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.Home page
D. Loffing-Cueni, S. Y. Flores, D. Sauter, D. Daidie, N. Siegrist, P. Meneton, O. Staub, and J. Loffing
Dietary Sodium Intake Regulates the Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Nedd4-2 in the Renal Collecting System
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., May 1, 2006; 17(5): 1264 - 1274.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
Y. Pfister, I. Gautschi, A.-N. Takeda, M. van Bemmelen, S. Kellenberger, and L. Schild
A Gating Mutation in the Internal Pore of ASIC1a
J. Biol. Chem., April 28, 2006; 281(17): 11787 - 11791.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
D. Olteanu, B. K. Yoder, W. Liu, M. J. Croyle, E. A. Welty, K. Rosborough, J. M. Wyss, P. D. Bell, L. M. Guay-Woodford, M. O. Bevensee, et al.
Heightened epithelial Na+ channel-mediated Na+ absorption in a murine polycystic kidney disease model epithelium lacking apical monocilia
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, April 1, 2006; 290(4): C952 - C963.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
Q. Tong, A. G. Menon, and J. D. Stockand
Functional polymorphisms in the {alpha}-subunit of the human epithelial Na+ channel increase activity
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, April 1, 2006; 290(4): F821 - F827.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
H.-L. Ji, X.-F. Su, S. Kedar, J. Li, P. Barbry, P. R. Smith, S. Matalon, and D. J. Benos
{delta}-Subunit Confers Novel Biophysical Features to {alpha}beta{gamma}-Human Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC) via a Physical Interaction
J. Biol. Chem., March 24, 2006; 281(12): 8233 - 8241.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
E. O. Hernandez-Gonzalez, J. Sosnik, J. Edwards, J. J. Acevedo, I. Mendoza-Lujambio, I. Lopez-Gonzalez, I. Demarco, E. Wertheimer, A. Darszon, and P. E. Visconti
Sodium and Epithelial Sodium Channels Participate in the Regulation of the Capacitation-associated Hyperpolarization in Mouse Sperm
J. Biol. Chem., March 3, 2006; 281(9): 5623 - 5633.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
Z. Gao, O. Henig, V. Kehoe, L. I. Sinoway, and J. Li
Vanilloid type 1 receptor and the acid-sensing ion channel mediate acid phosphate activation of muscle afferent nerves in rats
J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2006; 100(2): 421 - 426.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
W. Yan, L. Suaud, T. R. Kleyman, and R. C. Rubenstein
Differential modulation of a polymorphism in the COOH terminus of the {alpha}-subunit of the human epithelial sodium channel by protein kinase C{delta}
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, February 1, 2006; 290(2): F279 - F288.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Physiol.Home page
M. Salinas, L. D. Rash, A. Baron, G. Lambeau, P. Escoubas, and M. Lazdunski
The receptor site of the spider toxin PcTx1 on the proton-gated cation channel ASIC1a
J. Physiol., January 15, 2006; 570(2): 339 - 354.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. Vukicevic, G. Weder, A. Boillat, A. Boesch, and S. Kellenberger
Trypsin Cleaves Acid-sensing Ion Channel 1a in a Domain That Is Critical for Channel Gating
J. Biol. Chem., January 13, 2006; 281(2): 714 - 722.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
D. C. Royal, L. Bianchi, M. A. Royal, M. Lizzio Jr., G. Mukherjee, Y. O. Nunez, and M. Driscoll
Temperature-sensitive Mutant of the Caenorhabditis elegans Neurotoxic MEC-4(d) DEG/ENaC Channel Identifies a Site Required for Trafficking or Surface Maintenance
J. Biol. Chem., December 23, 2005; 280(51): 41976 - 41986.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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PhysiologyHome page
H. Abriel and O. Staub
Ubiquitylation of Ion Channels
Physiology, December 1, 2005; 20(6): 398 - 407.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
M. S. Amin, H.-W. Wang, E. Reza, S. C. Whitman, B. S. Tuana, and F. H. H. Leenen
Distribution of epithelial sodium channels and mineralocorticoid receptors in cardiovascular regulatory centers in rat brain
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, December 1, 2005; 289(6): R1787 - R1797.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
A. Staruschenko, O. Pochynyuk, and J. D. Stockand
Regulation of Epithelial Na+ Channel Activity by Conserved Serine/Threonine Switches within Sorting Signals
J. Biol. Chem., November 25, 2005; 280(47): 39161 - 39167.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
O. Pochynyuk, A. Staruschenko, Q. Tong, J. Medina, and J. D. Stockand
Identification of a Functional Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-Trisphosphate Binding Site in the Epithelial Na+ Channel
J. Biol. Chem., November 11, 2005; 280(45): 37565 - 37571.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
H. Yamamura, S. Ugawa, T. Ueda, and S. Shimada
Evans Blue Is a Specific Antagonist of the Human Epithelial Na+ Channel {delta}-Subunit
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., November 1, 2005; 315(2): 965 - 969.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
M. B. Butterworth, R. A. Frizzell, J. P. Johnson, K. W. Peters, and R. S. Edinger
PKA-dependent ENaC trafficking requires the SNARE-binding protein complexin
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, November 1, 2005; 289(5): F969 - F977.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.Home page
O. Staub and F. Verrey
Impact of Nedd4 Proteins and Serum and Glucocorticoid-Induced Kinases on Epithelial Na+ Transport in the Distal Nephron
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., November 1, 2005; 16(11): 3167 - 3174.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.Home page
J. Loffing and L. Schild
Functional Domains of the Epithelial Sodium Channel
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., November 1, 2005; 16(11): 3175 - 3181.
[Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Neurosci.Home page
J. S. Mogil, N. M. Breese, M.-F. Witty, J. Ritchie, M.-L. Rainville, A. Ase, N. Abbadi, C. L. Stucky, and P. Seguela
Transgenic Expression of a Dominant-Negative ASIC3 Subunit Leads to Increased Sensitivity to Mechanical and Inflammatory Stimuli
J. Neurosci., October 26, 2005; 25(43): 9893 - 9901.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Mol. Pharmacol.Home page
H. Yamamura, S. Ugawa, T. Ueda, M. Nagao, and S. Shimada
Icilin Activates the {delta}-Subunit of the Human Epithelial Na+ Channel
Mol. Pharmacol., October 1, 2005; 68(4): 1142 - 1147.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]




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