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Physiological Reviews, Vol. 81, No. 3, July 2001, pp. 971-998
Copyright ©2001 by the American Physiological Society
Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
Lerma, Juan,
Ana V. Paternain,
Antonio Rodríguez-Moreno, and
Juan C. López-García.
Molecular Physiology of Kainate Receptors. Physiol. Rev. 81: 971-998, 2001.
A decade ago, our understanding of the molecular
properties of kainate receptors and their involvement in synaptic
physiology was essentially null. A plethora of recent studies has
altered this situation profoundly such that kainate receptors are now regarded as key players in the modulation of transmitter release, as
important mediators of the postsynaptic actions of glutamate, and as
possible targets for the development of antiepileptic and analgesic
drugs. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of the
properties of kainate receptors focusing on four key issues: 1) their structural and biophysical features, 2)
the important progress in their pharmacological characterization,
3) their pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms of action, and
4) their involvement in a series of physiological and
pathological processes. Finally, although significant progress has been
made toward the elucidation of their importance for brain function,
kainate receptors remain largely an enigma and, therefore, we propose
some new roads that should be explored to obtain a deeper understanding
of this young, but intriguing, class of proteins.
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