Physiol Rev Track the topics, authors and articles important to you
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

Physiol. Rev. 80: 555-592, 2000;
0031-9333/00 $15.00
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow An erratum has been published
Right arrow An erratum has been published
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Web of Science (362)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Bezanilla, F.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Bezanilla, F.

Physiological Reviews, Vol. 80, No. 2, April 2000, pp. 555-592
Copyright ©2000 by the American Physiological Society

The Voltage Sensor in Voltage-Dependent Ion Channels

Francisco Bezanilla

Departments of Physiology and Anesthesiology, University of California at Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California

Bezanilla, Francisco The Voltage Sensor in Voltage-Dependent Ion Channels. Physiol. Rev. 80: 555-592, 2000.In voltage-dependent Na, K, or Ca channels, the probability of opening is modified by the membrane potential. This is achieved through a voltage sensor that detects the voltage and transfers its energy to the pore to control its gate. We present here the theoretical basis of the energy coupling between the electric field and the voltage, which allows the interpretation of the gating charge that moves in one channel. Movement of the gating charge constitutes the gating current. The properties are described, along with macroscopic data and gating current noise analysis, in relation to the operation of the voltage sensor and the opening of the channel. Structural details of the voltage sensor operation were resolved initially by locating the residues that make up the voltage sensor using mutagenesis experiments and determining the number of charges per channel. The changes in conformation are then analyzed based on the differential exposure of cysteine or histidine-substituted residues. Site-directed fluorescence labeling is then analyzed as another powerful indicator of conformational changes that allows time and voltage correlation of local changes seen by the fluorophores with the global change seen by the electrophysiology of gating currents and ionic currents. Finally, we describe the novel results on lanthanide-based resonance energy transfer that show small distance changes between residues in the channel molecule. All of the electrophysiological and the structural information are finally summarized in a physical model of a voltage-dependent channel in which a change in membrane potential causes rotation of the S4 segment that changes the exposure of the basic residues from an internally connected aqueous crevice at hyperpolarized potentials to an externally connected aqueous crevice at depolarized potentials.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
S. Sakata, T. Kurokawa, M. H. H. Norholm, M. Takagi, Y. Okochi, G. von Heijne, and Y. Okamura
Functionality of the voltage-gated proton channel truncated in S4
PNAS, February 2, 2010; 107(5): 2313 - 2318.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
P. G. DeCaen, V. Yarov-Yarovoy, E. M. Sharp, T. Scheuer, and W. A. Catterall
Sequential formation of ion pairs during activation of a sodium channel voltage sensor
PNAS, December 29, 2009; 106(52): 22498 - 22503.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
B. L. Prosser, E. O. Hernández-Ochoa, D. B. Zimmer, and M. F. Schneider
Simultaneous recording of intramembrane charge movement components and calcium release in wild-type and S100A1\#8722;/\#8722; muscle fibres
J. Physiol., September 15, 2009; 587(18): 4543 - 4559.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
A.-K. Meinild, D. D. F. Loo, S. Skovstrup, U. Gether, and N. MacAulay
Elucidating Conformational Changes in the {gamma}-Aminobutyric Acid Transporter-1
J. Biol. Chem., June 12, 2009; 284(24): 16226 - 16235.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
N. P. Semenova, K. Abarca-Heidemann, E. Loranc, and B. S. Rothberg
Bimane Fluorescence Scanning Suggests Secondary Structure near the S3-S4 Linker of BK Channels
J. Biol. Chem., April 17, 2009; 284(16): 10684 - 10693.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
Y. Okamura, Y. Murata, and H. Iwasaki
Voltage-sensing phosphatase: actions and potentials
J. Physiol., February 1, 2009; 587(3): 513 - 520.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
S. Sokolov, T. Scheuer, and W. A. Catterall
Depolarization-activated gating pore current conducted by mutant sodium channels in potassium-sensitive normokalemic periodic paralysis
PNAS, December 16, 2008; 105(50): 19980 - 19985.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
A. J. Labro, A. L. Raes, A. Grottesi, D. Van Hoorick, M. S.P. Sansom, and D. J. Snyders
Kv Channel Gating Requires a Compatible S4-S5 Linker and Bottom Part of S6, Constrained by Non-interacting Residues
J. Gen. Physiol., December 1, 2008; 132(6): 667 - 680.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
V. Gonzalez-Perez, A. Neely, C. Tapia, G. Gonzalez-Gutierrez, G. Contreras, P. Orio, V. Lagos, G. Rojas, T. Estevez, K. Stack, et al.
Slow Inactivation in Shaker K Channels Is Delayed by Intracellular Tetraethylammonium
J. Gen. Physiol., December 1, 2008; 132(6): 633 - 650.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
T. E. DeCoursey
Voltage-gated proton channels: what's next?
J. Physiol., November 15, 2008; 586(22): 5305 - 5324.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
N. Zandany, M. Ovadia, I. Orr, and O. Yifrach
Direct analysis of cooperativity in multisubunit allosteric proteins
PNAS, August 19, 2008; 105(33): 11697 - 11702.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
F. V. Campos, B. Chanda, P. S.L. Beirao, and F. Bezanilla
{alpha}-Scorpion Toxin Impairs a Conformational Change that Leads to Fast Inactivation of Muscle Sodium Channels
J. Gen. Physiol., July 28, 2008; 132(2): 251 - 263.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
Md. I. Hossain, H. Iwasaki, Y. Okochi, M. Chahine, S. Higashijima, K. Nagayama, and Y. Okamura
Enzyme Domain Affects the Movement of the Voltage Sensor in Ascidian and Zebrafish Voltage-sensing Phosphatases
J. Biol. Chem., June 27, 2008; 283(26): 18248 - 18259.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
A. Lewis, V. Jogini, L. Blachowicz, M. Laine, and B. Roux
Atomic Constraints between the Voltage Sensor and the Pore Domain in a Voltage-gated K+ Channel of Known Structure
J. Gen. Physiol., June 1, 2008; 131(6): 549 - 561.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Pharmacol. Rev.Home page
D. J. Muller, N. Wu, and K. Palczewski
Vertebrate Membrane Proteins: Structure, Function, and Insights from Biophysical Approaches
Pharmacol. Rev., March 1, 2008; 60(1): 43 - 78.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
K. Dougherty, J. A. De Santiago-Castillo, and M. Covarrubias
Gating Charge Immobilization in Kv4.2 Channels: The Basis of Closed-State Inactivation
J. Gen. Physiol., February 25, 2008; 131(3): 257 - 273.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
E. J. Neale, H. Rong, C. J. Cockcroft, and A. Sivaprasadarao
Mapping the Membrane-aqueous Border for the Voltage-sensing Domain of a Potassium Channel
J. Biol. Chem., December 28, 2007; 282(52): 37597 - 37604.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
E. Sadovsky and O. Yifrach
Principles underlying energetic coupling along an allosteric communication trajectory of a voltage-activated K+ channel
PNAS, December 11, 2007; 104(50): 19813 - 19818.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
S. Chakrapani, J. F Cordero-Morales, and E. Perozo
A Quantitative Description of KcsA Gating I: Macroscopic Currents
J. Gen. Physiol., October 29, 2007; 130(5): 465 - 478.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
L. Cohen, N. Ilan, M. Gur, W. Stuhmer, D. Gordon, and M. Gurevitz
Design of a Specific Activator for Skeletal Muscle Sodium Channels Uncovers Channel Architecture
J. Biol. Chem., October 5, 2007; 282(40): 29424 - 29430.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
Y. Murata and Y. Okamura
Depolarization activates the phosphoinositide phosphatase Ci-VSP, as detected in Xenopus oocytes coexpressing sensors of PIP2
J. Physiol., September 15, 2007; 583(3): 875 - 889.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
Y. P. Torres, F. J. Morera, I. Carvacho, and R. Latorre
A Marriage of Convenience: beta-Subunits and Voltage-dependent K+ Channels
J. Biol. Chem., August 24, 2007; 282(34): 24485 - 24489.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
E. Magidovich, I. Orr, D. Fass, U. Abdu, and O. Yifrach
Intrinsic disorder in the C-terminal domain of the Shaker voltage-activated K+ channel modulates its interaction with scaffold proteins
PNAS, August 7, 2007; 104(32): 13022 - 13027.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
Y.-C. Yang, C.-J. Own, and C.-C. Kuo
A hydrophobic element secures S4 voltage sensor in position in resting Shaker K+ channels
J. Physiol., August 1, 2007; 582(3): 1059 - 1072.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
E. O. Hernandez-Ochoa, R. E. Garcia-Ferreiro, and D. E. Garcia
G protein activation inhibits gating charge movement in rat sympathetic neurons
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, June 1, 2007; 292(6): C2226 - C2238.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
O. M. Koval, Y. Fan, and B. S. Rothberg
A Role for the S0 Transmembrane Segment in Voltage-dependent Gating of BK Channels
J. Gen. Physiol., March 1, 2007; 129(3): 209 - 220.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
P. J. Bond and M. S. P. Sansom
Bilayer deformation by the Kv channel voltage sensor domain revealed by self-assembly simulations
PNAS, February 20, 2007; 104(8): 2631 - 2636.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
S. Beyl, E. N. Timin, A. Hohaus, A. Stary, M. Kudrnac, R. H. Guy, and S. Hering
Probing the Architecture of an L-type Calcium Channel with a Charged Phenylalkylamine: EVIDENCE FOR A WIDELY OPEN PORE AND DRUG TRAPPING
J. Biol. Chem., February 9, 2007; 282(6): 3864 - 3870.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
K. Dougherty and M. Covarrubias
A Dipeptidyl Aminopeptidase-like Protein Remodels Gating Charge Dynamics in Kv4.2 Channels
J. Gen. Physiol., December 1, 2006; 128(6): 745 - 753.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
J.-S. Choi, S. D. Dib-Hajj, and S. G. Waxman
Inherited erythermalgia: Limb pain from an S4 charge-neutral Na channelopathy
Neurology, November 14, 2006; 67(9): 1563 - 1567.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
G. Panyi and C. Deutsch
Cross Talk between Activation and Slow Inactivation Gates of Shaker Potassium Channels
J. Gen. Physiol., November 1, 2006; 128(5): 547 - 559.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
P. Scalmani, R. Rusconi, E. Armatura, F. Zara, G. Avanzini, S. Franceschetti, and M. Mantegazza
Effects in Neocortical Neurons of Mutations of the Nav1.2 Na+ Channel causing Benign Familial Neonatal-Infantile Seizures
J. Neurosci., October 4, 2006; 26(40): 10100 - 10109.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
J. T. Hulme, V. Yarov-Yarovoy, T. W.-C. Lin, T. Scheuer, and W. A. Catterall
Autoinhibitory control of the CaV1.2 channel by its proteolytically processed distal C-terminal domain
J. Physiol., October 1, 2006; 576(1): 87 - 102.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
A. J. Castiglioni, J. Raingo, and D. Lipscombe
Alternative splicing in the C-terminus of CaV2.2 controls expression and gating of N-type calcium channels
J. Physiol., October 1, 2006; 576(1): 119 - 134.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
J. S. Santos, A. Lundby, C. Zazueta, and M. Montal
Molecular Template for a Voltage Sensor in a Novel K+ Channel. I. Identification and Functional Characterization of KvLm, a Voltage-gated K+ Channel from Listeria monocytogenes
J. Gen. Physiol., August 28, 2006; 128(3): 283 - 292.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
A. Lundby, J. S. Santos, C. Zazueta, and M. Montal
Molecular Template for a Voltage Sensor in a Novel K+ Channel. II. Conservation of a Eukaryotic Sensor Fold in a Prokaryotic K+ Channel
J. Gen. Physiol., August 28, 2006; 128(3): 293 - 300.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
L. Cohen, N. Gilles, I. Karbat, N. Ilan, D. Gordon, and M. Gurevitz
Direct Evidence That Receptor Site-4 of Sodium Channel Gating Modifiers Is Not Dipped in the Phospholipid Bilayer of Neuronal Membranes
J. Biol. Chem., July 28, 2006; 281(30): 20673 - 20679.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
J. I. Vandenberg, A. Varghese, Y. Lu, J. A. Bursill, M. P. Mahaut-Smith, and C. L.-H. Huang
Temperature dependence of human ether-a-go-go-related gene K+ currents
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, July 1, 2006; 291(1): C165 - C175.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BioinformaticsHome page
E. Magidovich, S. J. Fleishman, and O. Yifrach
Intrinsically disordered C-terminal segments of voltage-activated potassium channels: a possible fishing rod-like mechanism for channel binding to scaffold proteins
Bioinformatics, July 1, 2006; 22(13): 1546 - 1550.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. Kawaguchi, K. Minami, K. Nagashima, and S. Seino
Essential Role of Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in Normal Regulation of Insulin Secretion
J. Biol. Chem., May 12, 2006; 281(19): 13015 - 13020.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
V. Yarov-Yarovoy, D. Baker, and W. A. Catterall
Voltage sensor conformations in the open and closed states in ROSETTA structural models of K+ channels
PNAS, May 9, 2006; 103(19): 7292 - 7297.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
T. Ferrer, J. Rupp, D. R. Piper, and M. Tristani-Firouzi
The S4-S5 Linker Directly Couples Voltage Sensor Movement to the Activation Gate in the Human Ether-a-go-go-related Gene (hERG) K+ Channel
J. Biol. Chem., May 5, 2006; 281(18): 12858 - 12864.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ScienceHome page
M. Sasaki, M. Takagi, and Y. Okamura
A Voltage Sensor-Domain Protein Is a Voltage-Gated Proton Channel
Science, April 28, 2006; 312(5773): 589 - 592.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
J. P. A. Bannister, B. Chanda, F. Bezanilla, and D. M. Papazian
Optical detection of rate-determining ion-modulated conformational changes of the ether-a-go-go K+ channel voltage sensor
PNAS, December 20, 2005; 102(51): 18718 - 18723.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Pharmacol. Rev.Home page
F. H. Yu, V. Yarov-Yarovoy, G. A. Gutman, and W. A. Catterall
Overview of Molecular Relationships in the Voltage-Gated Ion Channel Superfamily
Pharmacol. Rev., December 1, 2005; 57(4): 387 - 395.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
R. N. Subbiah, M. Kondo, T. J. Campbell, and J. I. Vandenberg
Tryptophan scanning mutagenesis of the HERG K+ channel: the S4 domain is loosely packed and likely to be lipid exposed
J. Physiol., December 1, 2005; 569(2): 367 - 379.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
E. Michard, B. Lacombe, F. Poree, B. Mueller-Roeber, H. Sentenac, J.-B. Thibaud, and I. Dreyer
A Unique Voltage Sensor Sensitizes the Potassium Channel AKT2 to Phosphoregulation
J. Gen. Physiol., November 28, 2005; 126(6): 605 - 617.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
S. P. Patel and D. L. Campbell
Transient outward potassium current, 'Ito', phenotypes in the mammalian left ventricle: underlying molecular, cellular and biophysical mechanisms
J. Physiol., November 15, 2005; 569(1): 7 - 39.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
N. Ottschytsch, A. L Raes, J.-P. Timmermans, and D. J Snyders
Domain analysis of Kv6.3, an electrically silent channel
J. Physiol., November 1, 2005; 568(3): 737 - 747.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
S.-Y. Lee, A. Lee, J. Chen, and R. MacKinnon
Structure of the KvAP voltage-dependent K+ channel and its dependence on the lipid membrane
PNAS, October 25, 2005; 102(43): 15441 - 15446.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
J. A. Freites, D. J. Tobias, G. von Heijne, and S. H. White
From the Cover: Interface connections of a transmembrane voltage sensor
PNAS, October 18, 2005; 102(42): 15059 - 15064.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Physiol. Rev.Home page
W. Ulbricht
Sodium Channel Inactivation: Molecular Determinants and Modulation
Physiol Rev, October 1, 2005; 85(4): 1271 - 1301.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
S. Y. M. Yeung, D. Thompson, Z. Wang, D. Fedida, and B. Robertson
Modulation of Kv3 Subfamily Potassium Currents by the Sea Anemone Toxin BDS: Significance for CNS and Biophysical Studies
J. Neurosci., September 21, 2005; 25(38): 8735 - 8745.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
S. Ding, L. Ingleby, C. A. Ahern, and R. Horn
Investigating the Putative Glycine Hinge in Shaker Potassium Channel
J. Gen. Physiol., August 29, 2005; 126(3): 213 - 226.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ScienceHome page
S. B. Long, E. B. Campbell, and R. MacKinnon
Voltage Sensor of Kv1.2: Structural Basis of Electromechanical Coupling
Science, August 5, 2005; 309(5736): 903 - 908.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ScienceHome page
S. B. Long, E. B. Campbell, and R. MacKinnon
Crystal Structure of a Mammalian Voltage-Dependent Shaker Family K+ Channel
Science, August 5, 2005; 309(5736): 897 - 903.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
C. F. Barrett, Y.-Q. Cao, and R. W. Tsien
Gating Deficiency in a Familial Hemiplegic Migraine Type 1 Mutant P/Q-type Calcium Channel
J. Biol. Chem., June 24, 2005; 280(25): 24064 - 24071.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
T. Chen, M. Inoue, and M. F. Sheets
Reduced voltage dependence of inactivation in the SCN5A sodium channel mutation delF1617
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2005; 288(6): H2666 - H2676.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. Caprini, M. Fava, P. Valente, G. Fernandez-Ballester, C. Rapisarda, S. Ferroni, and A. Ferrer-Montiel
Molecular Compatibility of the Channel Gate and the N Terminus of S5 Segment for Voltage-gated Channel Activity
J. Biol. Chem., May 6, 2005; 280(18): 18253 - 18264.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
R. Horn
How ion channels sense membrane potential
PNAS, April 5, 2005; 102(14): 4929 - 4930.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. Johans, E. Milanesi, M. Franck, C. Johans, J. Liobikas, M. Panagiotaki, L. Greci, G. Principato, P. K. J. Kinnunen, P. Bernardi, et al.
Modification of Permeability Transition Pore Arginine(s) by Phenylglyoxal Derivatives in Isolated Mitochondria and Mammalian Cells: STRUCTURE-FUNCTION RELATIONSHIP OF ARGININE LIGANDS
J. Biol. Chem., April 1, 2005; 280(13): 12130 - 12136.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
D. R. Piper, W. A. Hinz, C. K. Tallurri, M. C. Sanguinetti, and M. Tristani-Firouzi
Regional Specificity of Human ether-a'-go-go-related Gene Channel Activation and Inactivation Gating
J. Biol. Chem., February 25, 2005; 280(8): 7206 - 7217.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
M. F Sheets and D. A Hanck
Charge immobilization of the voltage sensor in domain IV is independent of sodium current inactivation
J. Physiol., February 15, 2005; 563(1): 83 - 93.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
A. J. Labro, A. L. Raes, and D. J. Snyders
Coupling of Voltage Sensing to Channel Opening Reflects Intrasubunit Interactions in Kv Channels
J. Gen. Physiol., December 28, 2004; 125(1): 71 - 80.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
R. N. S. Sachdev, F. F. Ebner, and C. J. Wilson
Effect of Subthreshold Up and Down States on the Whisker-Evoked Response in Somatosensory Cortex
J Neurophysiol, December 1, 2004; 92(6): 3511 - 3521.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
M. Zhang, J. Liu, and G.-N. Tseng
Gating Charges in the Activation and Inactivation Processes of the hERG Channel
J. Gen. Physiol., November 29, 2004; 124(6): 703 - 718.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
Y. Lin, S. I. McDonough, and D. Lipscombe
Alternative Splicing in the Voltage-Sensing Region of N-Type CaV2.2 Channels Modulates Channel Kinetics
J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2004; 92(5): 2820 - 2830.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ScienceHome page
L. G. Cuello, D. M. Cortes, and E. Perozo
Molecular Architecture of the KvAP Voltage-Dependent K+ Channel in a Lipid Bilayer
Science, October 15, 2004; 306(5695): 491 - 495.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Sci SignalHome page
F. H. Yu and W. A. Catterall
The VGL-Chanome: A Protein Superfamily Specialized for Electrical Signaling and Ionic Homeostasis
Sci. Signal., October 5, 2004; 2004(253): re15 - re15.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
A. Kuzmenkin, F. Bezanilla, and A. M. Correa
Gating of the Bacterial Sodium Channel, NaChBac: Voltage-dependent Charge Movement and Gating Currents
J. Gen. Physiol., September 27, 2004; 124(4): 349 - 356.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
Y. Yang, Y. Yan, and F. J. Sigworth
Can Shaker Potassium Channels be Locked in the Deactivated State?
J. Gen. Physiol., July 26, 2004; 124(2): 163 - 171.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
R. N. Subbiah, C. E. Clarke, D. J. Smith, J. Zhao, T. J. Campbell, and J. I. Vandenberg
Molecular basis of slow activation of the human ether-a-go-go related gene potassium channel
J. Physiol., July 15, 2004; 558(2): 417 - 431.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
R. Borgatti, C. Zucca, A. Cavallini, M. Ferrario, C. Panzeri, P. Castaldo, M. V. Soldovieri, C. Baschirotto, N. Bresolin, B. D. Bernardina, et al.
A novel mutation in KCNQ2 associated with BFNC, drug resistant epilepsy, and mental retardation
Neurology, July 13, 2004; 63(1): 57 - 65.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
J. Li, L. Stevens, N. Klugbauer, and D. Wray
Roles of Molecular Regions in Determining Differences between Voltage Dependence of Activation of CaV3.1 and CaV1.2 Calcium Channels
J. Biol. Chem., June 25, 2004; 279(26): 26858 - 26867.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. P. Faillace, R. O. Bernabeu, and J. I. Korenbrot
Cellular Processing of Cone Photoreceptor Cyclic GMP-gated Ion Channels: A ROLE FOR THE S4 STRUCTURAL MOTIF
J. Biol. Chem., May 21, 2004; 279(21): 22643 - 22653.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
S. P. Patel, R. Parai, R. Parai, and D. L. Campbell
Regulation of Kv4.3 voltage-dependent gating kinetics by KChIP2 isoforms
J. Physiol., May 15, 2004; 557(1): 19 - 41.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PhysiologyHome page
A. Peres, S. Giovannardi, E. Bossi, and R. Fesce
Electrophysiological Insights into the Mechanism of Ion-Coupled Cotransporters
Physiology, April 1, 2004; 19(2): 80 - 84.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
C. A. Ahern and R. Horn
Specificity of Charge-carrying Residues in the Voltage Sensor of Potassium Channels
J. Gen. Physiol., February 23, 2004; 123(3): 205 - 216.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
U. Laitko and C. E. Morris
Membrane Tension Accelerates Rate-limiting Voltage-dependent Activation and Slow Inactivation Steps in a Shaker Channel
J. Gen. Physiol., January 26, 2004; 123(2): 135 - 154.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
D. C. Bell, H. Yao, R. C. Saenger, J. H. Riley, and S. A. Siegelbaum
Changes in Local S4 Environment Provide a Voltage-sensing Mechanism for Mammalian Hyperpolarization-activated HCN Channels
J. Gen. Physiol., December 29, 2003; 123(1): 5 - 20.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
R. Horn
How S4 Segments Move Charge. Let Me Count the Ways
J. Gen. Physiol., December 29, 2003; 123(1): 1 - 4.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
A. J. Labro, A. L. Raes, I. Bellens, N. Ottschytsch, and D. J. Snyders
Gating of Shaker-type Channels Requires the Flexibility of S6 Caused by Prolines
J. Biol. Chem., December 12, 2003; 278(50): 50724 - 50731.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Pharmacol.Home page
H. Vais, S. Atkinson, F. Pluteanu, S. J. Goodson, A. L. Devonshire, M. S. Williamson, and P. N. R. Usherwood
Mutations of the para Sodium Channel of Drosophila melanogaster Identify Putative Binding Sites for Pyrethroids
Mol. Pharmacol., October 1, 2003; 64(4): 914 - 922.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
T. Harris, A. R. Graber, and M. Covarrubias
Allosteric modulation of a neuronal K+ channel by 1-alkanols is linked to a key residue in the activation gate
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, October 1, 2003; 285(4): C788 - C796.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
R. Latorre, R. Olcese, C. Basso, C. Gonzalez, F. Munoz, D. Cosmelli, and O. Alvarez
Molecular Coupling between Voltage Sensor and Pore Opening in the Arabidopsis Inward Rectifier K+ Channel KAT1
J. Gen. Physiol., September 29, 2003; 122(4): 459 - 469.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
D. R. Piper, A. Varghese, M. C. Sanguinetti, and M. Tristani-Firouzi
Gating currents associated with intramembrane charge displacement in HERG potassium channels
PNAS, September 2, 2003; 100(18): 10534 - 10539.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
E. J. Neale, D. J. S. Elliott, M. Hunter, and A. Sivaprasadarao
Evidence for Intersubunit Interactions between S4 and S5 Transmembrane Segments of the Shaker Potassium Channel
J. Biol. Chem., August 1, 2003; 278(31): 29079 - 29085.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
D. Sigg, F. Bezanilla, and E. Stefani
Fast gating in the Shaker K+ channel and the energy landscape of activation
PNAS, June 24, 2003; 100(13): 7611 - 7615.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
J. Liu, M. Zhang, M. Jiang, and G.-N. Tseng
Negative Charges in the Transmembrane Domains of the HERG K Channel Are Involved in the Activation- and Deactivation-gating Processes
J. Gen. Physiol., May 27, 2003; 121(6): 599 - 614.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
Y. Sato, M. Sakaguchi, S. Goshima, T. Nakamura, and N. Uozumi
Molecular Dissection of the Contribution of Negatively and Positively Charged Residues in S2, S3, and S4 to the Final Membrane Topology of the Voltage Sensor in the K+ Channel, KAT1
J. Biol. Chem., April 11, 2003; 278(15): 13227 - 13234.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
N. B. Cronin, A. O'Reilly, H. Duclohier, and B. A. Wallace
Binding of the Anticonvulsant Drug Lamotrigine and the Neurotoxin Batrachotoxin to Voltage-gated Sodium Channels Induces Conformational Changes Associated with Block and Steady-state Activation
J. Biol. Chem., March 14, 2003; 278(12): 10675 - 10682.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
H. Maejima, E. Kinoshita, I. Seyama, and K. Yamaoka
Distinct Sites Regulating Grayanotoxin Binding and Unbinding to D4S6 of Nav1.4 Sodium Channel as Revealed by Improved Estimation of Toxin Sensitivity
J. Biol. Chem., March 7, 2003; 278(11): 9464 - 9471.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Circ. Res.Home page
C. R. Bezzina, M. B. Rook, W.A. Groenewegen, L. J. Herfst, A. C. van der Wal, J. Lam, H. J. Jongsma, A. A.M. Wilde, and M. M.A.M. Mannens
Compound Heterozygosity for Mutations (W156X and R225W) in SCN5A Associated With Severe Cardiac Conduction Disturbances and Degenerative Changes in the Conduction System
Circ. Res., February 7, 2003; 92(2): 159 - 168.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
K. L. Magleby
Gating Mechanism of BK (Slo1) Channels: So Near, Yet So Far
J. Gen. Physiol., February 3, 2003; 121(2): 81 - 96.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JGPHome page
M. F. Sheets and D. A. Hanck
Molecular Action of Lidocaine on the Voltage Sensors of Sodium Channels
J. Gen. Physiol., February 3, 2003; 121(2): 163 - 175.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
D. W. Hilgemann
From a pump to a pore: How palytoxin opens the gates
PNAS, January 21, 2003; 100(2): 386 - 388.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ScienceHome page
R. B. Bass, P. Strop, M. Barclay, and D. C. Rees
Crystal Structure of Escherichia coli MscS, a Voltage-Modulated and Mechanosensitive Channel
Science, November 22, 2002; 298(5598): 1582 - 1587.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
T. D. Helton, D. J. Kojetin, J. Cavanagh, and W. A. Horne
Alternative Splicing of a beta 4 Subunit Proline-Rich Motif Regulates Voltage-Dependent Gating and Toxin Block of Cav2.1 Ca2+ Channels
J. Neurosci., November 1, 2002; 22(21): 9331 - 9339.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Visit Other APS Journals Online