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Physiological Reviews, Vol. 80, No. 1, January 2000, pp. 315-360
Copyright ©2000 by the American Physiological Society
Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland; and Cerebrovascular and Neuroscience Research Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Nicholls, David G. and
Samantha L. Budd.
Mitochondria and Neuronal Survival. Physiol. Rev. 80: 315-360, 2000.
Mitochondria play a central role in the survival and death of
neurons. The detailed bioenergetic mechanisms by which isolated mitochondria generate ATP, sequester Ca2+, generate
reactive oxygen species, and undergo Ca2+-dependent
permeabilization of their inner membrane are currently being applied to
the function of mitochondria in situ within neurons under physiological
and pathophysiological conditions. Here we review the functional
bioenergetics of isolated mitochondria, with emphasis on the
chemiosmotic proton circuit and the application (and occasional
misapplication) of these principles to intact neurons. Mitochondria
play an integral role in both necrotic and apoptotic neuronal cell
death, and the bioenergetic principles underlying current studies are reviewed.
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