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Physiological Reviews, Vol. 80, No. 1, January 2000, pp. 1-29
Copyright ©2000 by the American Physiological Society
Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
Niswender, Gordon D.,
Jennifer L. Juengel,
Patrick J. Silva,
M. Keith Rollyson, and
Eric W. McIntush.
Mechanisms Controlling the Function and Life Span of the
Corpus Luteum. Physiol. Rev. 80: 1-29, 2000.
The primary function of the
corpus luteum is secretion of the hormone progesterone, which is
required for maintenance of normal pregnancy in mammals. The corpus
luteum develops from residual follicular granulosal and thecal cells
after ovulation. Luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary
is important for normal development and function of the corpus luteum
in most mammals, although growth hormone, prolactin, and estradiol also
play a role in several species. The mature corpus luteum is composed of
at least two steroidogenic cell types based on morphological and
biochemical criteria and on the follicular source of origin. Small
luteal cells appear to be of thecal cell origin and respond to LH with
increased secretion of progesterone. LH directly stimulates the
secretion of progesterone from small luteal cells via activation of the
protein kinase A second messenger pathway. Large luteal cells are of
granulosal cell origin and contain receptors for PGF2
and appear to mediate the luteolytic actions of this hormone. If
pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum must regress to allow
follicular growth and ovulation and the reproductive cycle begins
again. Luteal regression is initiated by PGF2 of uterine
origin in most subprimate species. The role played by
PGF2 in primates remains controversial. In primates, if PGF2 plays a role in luteolysis, it appears to be of
ovarian origin. The antisteroidogenic effects of PGF2
appear to be mediated by the protein kinase C second messenger pathway,
whereas loss of luteal cells appears to follow an influx of calcium,
activation of endonucleases, and an apoptotic form of cell death. If
the female becomes pregnant, continued secretion of progesterone from the corpus luteum is required to provide an appropriate uterine environment for maintenance of pregnancy. The mechanisms whereby the
pregnant uterus signals the corpus luteum that a conceptus is present
varies from secretion of a chorionic gonadotropin (primates and
equids), to secretion of an antiluteolytic factor (domestic ruminants),
and to a neuroendocrine reflex arc that modifies the secretory patterns
of hormones from the anterior pituitary (most rodents).
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J. A. Arosh, J. Parent, P. Chapdelaine, J. Sirois, and M. A. Fortier Expression of Cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 and Prostaglandin E Synthase in Bovine Endometrial Tissue During the Estrous Cycle Biol Reprod, July 1, 2002; 67(1): 161 - 169. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Xiao, L. Xia-Zhang, and M. Ferin Inadequate Luteal Function Is the Initial Clinical Cyclic Defect in a 12-Day Stress Model that Includes a Psychogenic Component in the Rhesus Monkey J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2002; 87(5): 2232 - 2237. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. A. Copland, M. G. Zlatnik, K. L. Ives, and M. S. Soloff Oxytocin Receptor Regulation and Action in a Human Granulosa-Lutein Cell Line Biol Reprod, May 1, 2002; 66(5): 1230 - 1236. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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D. C. Eckery, S. Lun, B. P. Thomson, W. N. Chie, L. G. Moore, and J. L. Juengel Ovarian Expression of Messenger RNA Encoding the Receptors for Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in a Marsupial, the Brushtail Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) Biol Reprod, May 1, 2002; 66(5): 1310 - 1317. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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T. A. Towle, P. C.W. Tsang, R. A. Milvae, M. K. Newbury, and J. A. McCracken Dynamic In Vivo Changes in Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases 1 and 2, and Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 and 9, During Prostaglandin F2{alpha}-Induced Luteolysis in Sheep Biol Reprod, May 1, 2002; 66(5): 1515 - 1521. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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H. Yang, G. K. Bhat, and R. Sridaran Clinostat Rotation Induces Apoptosis in Luteal Cells of the Pregnant Rat Biol Reprod, March 1, 2002; 66(3): 770 - 777. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. O. Stocco, L. F. Lau, and G. Gibori A Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Activation of ERK1/2 Mediates JunD Phosphorylation and Induction of nur77 and 20alpha -hsd Genes by Prostaglandin F2alpha in Ovarian Cells J. Biol. Chem., January 25, 2002; 277(5): 3293 - 3302. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Zetser, T. Kisliouk, E. Ivakin, and M. Lahav Dependence on Prolactin of the Luteolytic Effect of Prostaglandin F2{alpha} in Rat Luteal Cell Cultures Biol Reprod, October 1, 2001; 65(4): 1082 - 1091. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. T. Grazul-Bilska, L. P. Reynolds, J. J. Bilski, and D. A. Redmer Effects of Second Messengers on Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication of Ovine Luteal Cells Throughout the Estrous Cycle Biol Reprod, September 1, 2001; 65(3): 777 - 783. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Cardenas, K.A. Burke, R.M. Bigsby, W.F. Pope, and K.P. Nephew Estrogen Receptor {beta} in the Sheep Ovary During the Estrous Cycle and Early Pregnancy Biol Reprod, July 1, 2001; 65(1): 128 - 134. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. T. Budnik and A. K. Mukhopadhyay Lysophosphatidic Acid Antagonizes the Morphoregulatory Effects of the Luteinizing Hormone on Luteal Cells: Possible Role of Small Rho-G-Proteins Biol Reprod, July 1, 2001; 65(1): 180 - 187. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. E. Anderson, Y.-L. Wu, S.-J. Tsai, and M. C. Wiltbank Prostaglandin F2{{alpha}} Receptor in the Corpus Luteum: Recent Information on the Gene, Messenger Ribonucleic Acid, and Protein Biol Reprod, April 1, 2001; 64(4): 1041 - 1047. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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D. Chen, H. W. Fong, and J. S. Davis Induction of c-fos and c-junMessenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression by Prostaglandin F2{{alpha}} Is Mediated by a Protein Kinase C-Dependent Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Bovine Luteal Cells Endocrinology, February 1, 2001; 142(2): 887 - 895. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Hosokawa, U. Ottander, P. Wahlberg, T. Ny, S. Cajander, and I.J. Olofsson Dominant expression and distribution of oestrogen receptor {beta} over oestrogen receptor {{alpha}} in the human corpus luteum Mol. Hum. Reprod., February 1, 2001; 7(2): 137 - 145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P.J. Silva, J.L. Juengel, M.K. Rollyson, and G.D. Niswender Prostaglandin Metabolism in the Ovine Corpus Luteum: Catabolism of Prostaglandin F2{alpha} (PGF2{alpha}) Coincides with Resistance of the Corpus Luteum to PGF2{alpha} Biol Reprod, November 1, 2000; 63(5): 1229 - 1236. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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