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Physiological Reviews, Vol. 79, No. 4, October 1999, pp. 1193-1226
Copyright ©1999 by the American Physiological Society
Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto, Japan
Narumiya, Shuh,
Yukihiko Sugimoto, and
Fumitaka Ushikubi.
Prostanoid Receptors: Structures, Properties, and
Functions. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 1193-1226, 1999. Prostanoids
are the cyclooxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid and include
prostaglandin (PG) D2, PGE2,
PGF2
, PGI2, and thromboxne A2.
They are synthesized and released upon cell stimulation and act on
cells in the vicinity of their synthesis to exert their actions.
Receptors mediating the actions of prostanoids were recently identified
and cloned. They are G protein-coupled receptors with seven
transmembrane domains. There are eight types and subtypes of prostanoid
receptors that are encoded by different genes but as a whole constitute
a subfamily in the superfamily of the rhodopsin-type receptors.
Each of the receptors was expressed in cultured cells, and its
ligand-binding properties and signal transduction pathways were
characterized. Moreover, domains and amino acid residues conferring the
specificities of ligand binding and signal transduction are being
clarified. Information also is accumulating as to the distribution of
these receptors in the body. It is also becoming clear for some types
of receptors how expression of their genes is regulated. Furthermore,
the gene for each of the eight types of prostanoid receptor has been
disrupted, and mice deficient in each type of receptor are being
examined to identify and assess the roles played by each receptor under various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In this article, we summarize these findings and attempt to give an overview of
the current status of research on the prostanoid receptors.
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