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Physiological Reviews, Vol. 79, No. 4, October 1999, pp. 1157-1191
Copyright ©1999 by the American Physiological Society
Physiologisches Institut, Universität München, München, Germany
Horster, Michael F.,
Gerald S. Braun, and
Stephan M. Huber.
Embryonic Renal Epithelia: Induction, Nephrogenesis, and Cell
Differentiation. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 1157-1191, 1999. Embryonic metanephroi, differentiating into the adult kidney,
have come to be a generally accepted model system for organogenesis. Nephrogenesis implies a highly controlled series of morphogenetic and
differentiation events that starts with reciprocal inductive interactions between two different primordial tissues and leads, in one
of two mainstream processes, to the formation of mesenchymal condensations and aggregates. These go through the intricate process of
mesenchyme-to-epithelium transition by which epithelial cell polarization is initiated, and they continue to differentiate into the
highly specialized epithelial cell populations of the nephron. Each
step along the developmental metanephrogenic pathway is initiated and
organized by signaling molecules that are locally secreted polypeptides
encoded by different gene families and regulated by transcription
factors. Nephrogenesis proceeds from the deep to the outer cortex, and
it is directed by a second, entirely different developmental process,
the ductal branching of the ureteric bud-derived collecting tubule.
Both systems, the nephrogenic (mesenchymal) and the ductogenic
(ureteric), undergo a repeat series of inductive signaling that serves
to organize the architecture and differentiated cell functions in a
cascade of developmental gene programs. The aim of this review is to
present a coherent picture of principles and mechanisms in embryonic
renal epithelia.
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