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Physiol. Rev. 79: 1127-1155, 1999;
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Physiological Reviews, Vol. 79, No. 4, October 1999, pp. 1127-1155
Copyright ©1999 by the American Physiological Society

Mitochondrial Transport of Cations: Channels, Exchangers, and Permeability Transition

Paolo Bernardi

Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Center for the Study of Biomembranes, Padova, Italy

Bernardi, Paolo Mitochondrial Transport of Cations: Channels, Exchangers, and Permeability Transition. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 1127-1155, 1999. This review provides a selective history of how studies of mitochondrial cation transport (K+, Na+, Ca2+) developed in relation to the major themes of research in bioenergetics. It then covers in some detail specific transport pathways for these cations, and it introduces and discusses open problems about their nature and physiological function, particularly in relation to volume regulation and Ca2+ homeostasis. The review should provide the basic elements needed to understand both earlier mitochondrial literature and current problems associated with mitochondrial transport of cations and hopefully will foster new interest in the molecular definition of mitochondrial cation channels and exchangers as well as their roles in cell physiology.




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E. Basso, L. Fante, J. Fowlkes, V. Petronilli, M. A. Forte, and P. Bernardi
Properties of the Permeability Transition Pore in Mitochondria Devoid of Cyclophilin D
J. Biol. Chem., May 13, 2005; 280(19): 18558 - 18561.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 EndocrinologyHome page
E. Yehuda-Shnaidman, B. Kalderon, and J. Bar-Tana
Modulation of Mitochondrial Transition Pore Components by Thyroid Hormone
Endocrinology, May 1, 2005; 146(5): 2462 - 2472.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Cardiovasc ResHome page
F. Di Lisa and P. Bernardi
Mitochondrial function and myocardial aging. A critical analysis of the role of permeability transition
Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2005; 66(2): 222 - 232.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. Johans, E. Milanesi, M. Franck, C. Johans, J. Liobikas, M. Panagiotaki, L. Greci, G. Principato, P. K. J. Kinnunen, P. Bernardi, et al.
Modification of Permeability Transition Pore Arginine(s) by Phenylglyoxal Derivatives in Isolated Mitochondria and Mammalian Cells: STRUCTURE-FUNCTION RELATIONSHIP OF ARGININE LIGANDS
J. Biol. Chem., April 1, 2005; 280(13): 12130 - 12136.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
I. Szabo, J. Bock, A. Jekle, M. Soddemann, C. Adams, F. Lang, M. Zoratti, and E. Gulbins
A Novel Potassium Channel in Lymphocyte Mitochondria
J. Biol. Chem., April 1, 2005; 280(13): 12790 - 12798.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
M. Saotome, H. Katoh, H. Satoh, S. Nagasaka, S. Yoshihara, H. Terada, and H. Hayashi
Mitochondrial membrane potential modulates regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ in rat ventricular myocytes
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 2005; 288(4): H1820 - H1828.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Exp PhysiolHome page
M. R Fowler and M. Hunter
Mitochondrial Ca2+ transport in frog early distal tubule
Exp Physiol, March 1, 2005; 90(2): 195 - 201.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
S. A. Oakes, L. Scorrano, J. T. Opferman, M. C. Bassik, M. Nishino, T. Pozzan, and S. J. Korsmeyer
Proapoptotic BAX and BAK regulate the type 1 inositol trisphosphate receptor and calcium leak from the endoplasmic reticulum
PNAS, January 4, 2005; 102(1): 105 - 110.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Immunol.Home page
E. Aneiros, S. Philipp, A. Lis, M. Freichel, and A. Cavalie
Modulation of Ca2+ Signaling by Na+/Ca2+ Exchangers in Mast Cells
J. Immunol., January 1, 2005; 174(1): 119 - 130.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
W.-K. Lee, U. Bork, F. Gholamrezaei, and F. Thevenod
Cd2+-induced cytochrome c release in apoptotic proximal tubule cells: role of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and Ca2+ uniporter
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, January 1, 2005; 288(1): F27 - F39.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
G. Petrosillo, F. M. Ruggiero, M. Pistolese, and G. Paradies
Ca2+-induced Reactive Oxygen Species Production Promotes Cytochrome c Release from Rat Liver Mitochondria via Mitochondrial Permeability Transition (MPT)-dependent and MPT-independent Mechanisms: ROLE OF CARDIOLIPIN
J. Biol. Chem., December 17, 2004; 279(51): 53103 - 53108.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
V. Koshkin, G. Bikopoulos, C. B. Chan, and M. B. Wheeler
The Characterization of Mitochondrial Permeability Transition in Clonal Pancreatic {beta}-Cells: MULTIPLE MODES AND REGULATION
J. Biol. Chem., October 1, 2004; 279(40): 41368 - 41376.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Anesth. Analg.Home page
P. Xu, J. Wang, R. Kodavatiganti, Y. Zeng, and I. S. Kass
Activation of Protein Kinase C Contributes to the Isoflurane-Induced Improvement of Functional and Metabolic Recovery in Isolated Ischemic Rat Hearts
Anesth. Analg., October 1, 2004; 99(4): 993 - 1000.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
H.-J. Visch, G. A. Rutter, W. J. H. Koopman, J. B. Koenderink, S. Verkaart, T. de Groot, A. Varadi, K. J. Mitchell, L. P. van den Heuvel, J. A. M. Smeitink, et al.
Inhibition of Mitochondrial Na+-Ca2+ Exchange Restores Agonist-induced ATP Production and Ca2+ Handling in Human Complex I Deficiency
J. Biol. Chem., September 24, 2004; 279(39): 40328 - 40336.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
U. De Marchi, S. Campello, I. Szabo, F. Tombola, J.-C. Martinou, and M. Zoratti
Bax Does Not Directly Participate in the Ca2+-induced Permeability Transition of Isolated Mitochondria
J. Biol. Chem., September 3, 2004; 279(36): 37415 - 37422.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 FASEB J.Home page
K. AYUB and M. B. HALLETT
The mitochondrial ADPR link between Ca2+ store release and Ca2+ influx channel opening in immune cells
FASEB J, September 1, 2004; 18(12): 1335 - 1338.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
R. A. Robergs, F. Ghiasvand, and D. Parker
Biochemistry of exercise-induced metabolic acidosis
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, September 1, 2004; 287(3): R502 - R516.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. E. Soriano, L. Nicolosi, and P. Bernardi
Desensitization of the Permeability Transition Pore by Cyclosporin A Prevents Activation of the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway and Liver Damage by Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha}
J. Biol. Chem., August 27, 2004; 279(35): 36803 - 36808.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 JCBHome page
R. Rudolf, M. Mongillo, P. J. Magalhaes, and T. Pozzan
In vivo monitoring of Ca2+ uptake into mitochondria of mouse skeletal muscle during contraction
J. Cell Biol., August 16, 2004; 166(4): 527 - 536.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 FASEB J.Home page
A. KAASIK, F. JOUBERT, R. VENTURA-CLAPIER, and V. VEKSLER
A novel mechanism of regulation of cardiac contractility by mitochondrial functional state
FASEB J, August 1, 2004; 18(11): 1219 - 1227.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
K. Nowikovsky, E. M. Froschauer, G. Zsurka, J. Samaj, S. Reipert, M. Kolisek, G. Wiesenberger, and R. J. Schweyen
The LETM1/YOL027 Gene Family Encodes a Factor of the Mitochondrial K+ Homeostasis with a Potential Role in the Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome
J. Biol. Chem., July 16, 2004; 279(29): 30307 - 30315.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Neurosci.Home page
N. B. Pivovarova, H. V. Nguyen, C. A. Winters, C. A. Brantner, C. L. Smith, and S. B. Andrews
Excitotoxic Calcium Overload in a Subpopulation of Mitochondria Triggers Delayed Death in Hippocampal Neurons
J. Neurosci., June 16, 2004; 24(24): 5611 - 5622.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
D. Penzo, V. Petronilli, A. Angelin, C. Cusan, R. Colonna, L. Scorrano, F. Pagano, M. Prato, F. Di Lisa, and P. Bernardi
Arachidonic Acid Released by Phospholipase A2 Activation Triggers Ca2+-dependent Apoptosis through the Mitochondrial Pathway
J. Biol. Chem., June 11, 2004; 279(24): 25219 - 25225.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
F. Orsini, E. Migliaccio, M. Moroni, C. Contursi, V. A. Raker, D. Piccini, I. Martin-Padura, G. Pelliccia, M. Trinei, M. Bono, et al.
The Life Span Determinant p66Shc Localizes to Mitochondria Where It Associates with Mitochondrial Heat Shock Protein 70 and Regulates Trans-membrane Potential
J. Biol. Chem., June 11, 2004; 279(24): 25689 - 25695.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 GeneticsHome page
X. J. Chen
Sal1p, a Calcium-Dependent Carrier Protein That Suppresses an Essential Cellular Function Associated With the Aac2 Isoform of ADP/ATP Translocase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Genetics, June 1, 2004; 167(2): 607 - 617.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
M. R. Fowler, G. J. Cooper, and M. Hunter
Regulation and identity of intracellular calcium stores involved in membrane cross talk in the early distal tubule of the frog kidney
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, June 1, 2004; 286(6): F1219 - F1225.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
S. Y. Cheranov and J. H. Jaggar
Mitochondrial modulation of Ca2+ sparks and transient KCa currents in smooth muscle cells of rat cerebral arteries
J. Physiol., May 1, 2004; 556(3): 755 - 771.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
C. M. O'Reilly, K. E. Fogarty, R. M. Drummond, R. A. Tuft Jr., and J. V. Walsh
Spontaneous mitochondrial depolarizations are independent of SR Ca2+ release
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, May 1, 2004; 286(5): C1139 - C1151.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
M. Silic-Benussi, I. Cavallari, T. Zorzan, E. Rossi, H. Hiraragi, A. Rosato, K. Horie, D. Saggioro, M. D. Lairmore, L. Willems, et al.
Suppression of tumor growth and cell proliferation by p13II, a mitochondrial protein of human T cell leukemia virus type 1
PNAS, April 27, 2004; 101(17): 6629 - 6634.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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