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Physiological Reviews, Vol. 79, No. 4, October 1999, pp. 1089-1125
Copyright ©1999 by the American Physiological Society
Departments of Cellular and Structural Biology and of Physiology, and Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
Takahashi, Akiyuki,
Patricia Camacho,
James D. Lechleiter, and
Brian Herman.
Measurement of Intracellular Calcium. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 1089-1125, 1999. To a certain extent, all cellular,
physiological, and pathological phenomena that occur in cells are
accompanied by ionic changes. The development of techniques allowing
the measurement of such ion activities has contributed substantially to
our understanding of normal and abnormal cellular function. Digital
video microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and more recently
multiphoton microscopy have allowed the precise spatial analysis of
intracellular ion activity at the subcellular level in addition to
measurement of its concentration. It is well known that
Ca2+ regulates numerous physiological cellular phenomena as
a second messenger as well as triggering pathological events such as
cell injury and death. A number of methods have been developed to
measure intracellular Ca2+. In this review, we summarize
the advantages and pitfalls of a variety of Ca2+ indicators
used in both optical and nonoptical techniques employed for measuring
intracellular Ca2+ concentration.
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