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PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS Vol. 79 No. 1 January 1999,
pp. 181-213
Copyright ©1999 The American Physiological Society
Institute of Cell Biology, Center of Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
Vestweber, Dietmar, and James E. Blanks. Mechanisms That Regulate the Function of the Selectins and Their Ligands. Physiol. Rev. 79: 181-213, 1999.
Selectins are a family of three cell adhesion molecules (L-, E-, and P-selectin) specialized in capturing leukocytes from the bloodstream to the blood vessel wall. This initial cell contact is followed by the selectin-mediated rolling of leukocytes on the endothelial cell surface. This represents the first step in a cascade of molecular interactions that lead to leukocyte extravasation, enabling the processes of lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte migration into inflamed tissue. The central importance of the selectins in these processes has been well documented in vivo by the use of adhesion-blocking antibodies as well as by studies on selectin gene-deficient mice. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms that regulate expression and function(s) of the selectins and their ligands. Cell-surface expression of the selectins is regulated by a variety of different mechanisms. The selectins bind to carbohydrate structures on glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans. Glycoproteins are the most likely candidates for physiologically relevant ligands. Only a few glycoproteins are appropriately glycosylated to allow strong binding to the selectins. Recently, more knowledge about the structure and the regulated expression of some of the carbohydrates on these ligands necessary for selectin binding has been accumulated. For at least one of these ligands, the physiological function is now well established. A novel and exciting aspect is the signaling function of the selectins and their ligands. Especially in the last two years, convincing data have been published supporting the idea that selectins and glycoprotein ligands of the selectins participate in the activation of leukocyte integrins.
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R. J. Ludwig, B. Boehme, M. Podda, R. Henschler, E. Jager, C. Tandi, W.-H. Boehncke, T. M. Zollner, R. Kaufmann, and J. Gille Endothelial P-Selectin as a Target of Heparin Action in Experimental Melanoma Lung Metastasis Cancer Res., April 15, 2004; 64(8): 2743 - 2750. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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H. Xu, A. Manivannan, H.-R. Jiang, J. Liversidge, P. F. Sharp, J. V. Forrester, and I. J. Crane Recruitment of IFN-{gamma}-Producing (Th1-Like) Cells into the Inflamed Retina In Vivo Is Preferentially Regulated by P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand 1:P/E-Selectin Interactions J. Immunol., March 1, 2004; 172(5): 3215 - 3224. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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L. Nimrichter, A. Gargir, M. Gortler, R. T. Altstock, A. Shtevi, O. Weisshaus, E. Fire, N. Dotan, and R. L. Schnaar Intact cell adhesion to glycan microarrays Glycobiology, February 1, 2004; 14(2): 197 - 203. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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E. Hagi-Pavli, P. M. Farthing, and S. Kapas Stimulation of adhesion molecule expression in human endothelial cells (HUVEC) by adrenomedullin and corticotrophin Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, February 1, 2004; 286(2): C239 - C246. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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D. Taverna, H. Moher, D. Crowley, L. Borsig, A. Varki, and R. O. Hynes Increased primary tumor growth in mice null for {beta}3- or {beta}3/{beta}5-integrins or selectins PNAS, January 20, 2004; 101(3): 763 - 768. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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K. K. Sarangapani, T. Yago, A. G. Klopocki, M. B. Lawrence, C. B. Fieger, S. D. Rosen, R. P. McEver, and C. Zhu Low Force Decelerates L-selectin Dissociation from P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 and Endoglycan J. Biol. Chem., January 16, 2004; 279(3): 2291 - 2298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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A. Cambi, F. de Lange, N. M. van Maarseveen, M. Nijhuis, B. Joosten, E. M.H.P. van Dijk, B. I. de Bakker, J. A.M. Fransen, P. H.M. Bovee-Geurts, F. N. van Leeuwen, et al. Microdomains of the C-type lectin DC-SIGN are portals for virus entry into dendritic cells J. Cell Biol., January 5, 2004; 164(1): 145 - 155. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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Y. Hong and P. Stanley Lec3 Chinese Hamster Ovary Mutants Lack UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-Epimerase Activity Because of Mutations in the Epimerase Domain of the Gne Gene J. Biol. Chem., December 26, 2003; 278(52): 53045 - 53054. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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H. Setiadi and R. P. McEver Signal-dependent distribution of cell surface P-selectin in clathrin-coated pits affects leukocyte rolling under flow J. Cell Biol., December 22, 2003; 163(6): 1385 - 1395. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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R. Takahashi, Y. Mizukawa, Y. Yamazaki, K. Hayakawa, J. Hayakawa, A. Kudo, and T. Shiohara In Vitro Differentiation from Naive to Mature E-Selectin Binding CD4 T Cells: Acquisition of Skin-Homing Properties Occurs Independently of Cutaneous Lymphocyte Antigen Expression J. Immunol., December 1, 2003; 171(11): 5769 - 5777. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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T.-Y. Yen, B. A. Macher, S. Bryson, X. Chang, I. Tvaroska, R. Tse, S. Takeshita, A. M. Lew, and A. Datti Highly Conserved Cysteines of Mouse Core 2 {beta}1,6-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase I Form a Network of Disulfide Bonds and Include a Thiol That Affects Enzyme Activity J. Biol. Chem., November 14, 2003; 278(46): 45864 - 45881. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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C. Zaph and P. Scott Th1 Cell-Mediated Resistance to Cutaneous Infection with Leishmania major Is Independent of P- and E-Selectins J. Immunol., November 1, 2003; 171(9): 4726 - 4732. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. Cai and A. E. Davis III Complement Regulatory Protein C1 Inhibitor Binds to Selectins and Interferes with Endothelial-Leukocyte Adhesion J. Immunol., November 1, 2003; 171(9): 4786 - 4791. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. Kashiwazaki, T. Tanaka, H. Kanda, Y. Ebisuno, D. Izawa, N. Fukuma, N. Akimitsu, K. Sekimizu, M. Monden, and M. Miyasaka A high endothelial venule-expressing promiscuous chemokine receptor DARC can bind inflammatory, but not lymphoid, chemokines and is dispensable for lymphocyte homing under physiological conditions Int. Immunol., October 1, 2003; 15(10): 1219 - 1227. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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T. Yago, A. Leppanen, J. A. Carlyon, M. Akkoyunlu, S. Karmakar, E. Fikrig, R. D. Cummings, and R. P. McEver Structurally Distinct Requirements for Binding of P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 and Sialyl Lewis x to Anaplasma phagocytophilum and P-selectin J. Biol. Chem., September 26, 2003; 278(39): 37987 - 37997. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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Y. Katayama, A. Hidalgo, B. C. Furie, D. Vestweber, B. Furie, and P. S. Frenette PSGL-1 participates in E-selectin-mediated progenitor homing to bone marrow: evidence for cooperation between E-selectin ligands and {alpha}4 integrin Blood, September 15, 2003; 102(6): 2060 - 2067. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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B. Walcheck, S. R. Alexander, C. A. St. Hill, and E. Matala ADAM-17-independent shedding of L-selectin J. Leukoc. Biol., September 1, 2003; 74(3): 389 - 394. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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H. Koyama, T. Maeno, S. Fukumoto, T. Shoji, T. Yamane, H. Yokoyama, M. Emoto, T. Shoji, H. Tahara, M. Inaba, et al. Platelet P-Selectin Expression Is Associated With Atherosclerotic Wall Thickness in Carotid Artery in Humans Circulation, August 5, 2003; 108(5): 524 - 529. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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C. B. Fieger, C. M. Sassetti, and S. D. Rosen Endoglycan, a Member of the CD34 Family, Functions as an L-selectin Ligand through Modification with Tyrosine Sulfation and Sialyl Lewis x J. Biol. Chem., July 25, 2003; 278(30): 27390 - 27398. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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D. J. Becker and J. B. Lowe Fucose: biosynthesis and biological function in mammals Glycobiology, July 1, 2003; 13(7): 41R - 53R. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. Sperandio, M. L. Smith, S. B. Forlow, T. S. Olson, L. Xia, R. P. McEver, and K. Ley P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 Mediates L-Selectin-dependent Leukocyte Rolling in Venules J. Exp. Med., May 19, 2003; 197(10): 1355 - 1363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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Y. Levy, D. Ronen, A. D. Bershadsky, and Y. Zick Sustained Induction of ERK, Protein Kinase B, and p70 S6 Kinase Regulates Cell Spreading and Formation of F-actin Microspikes Upon Ligation of Integrins by Galectin-8, a Mammalian Lectin J. Biol. Chem., April 11, 2003; 278(16): 14533 - 14542. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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