Physiol Rev Fuel your research with LabChart
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

Physiol. Rev. 78: 763-781, 1998;
0031-9333/98 $15.00
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by JANMEY, P. A.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by JANMEY, P. A.

PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS   Vol. 78 No. 3 July 1998, pp. 763-781
Copyright ©1998 The American Physiological Society

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Signaling: Component Localization and Mechanical Coupling

PAUL A. JANMEY

Experimental Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Janmey, Paul A. The Cytoskeleton and Cell Signaling: Component Localization and Mechanical Coupling. Physiol. Rev. 78: 763-781, 1998. --- The three-dimensional intracellular network formed by the filamentous polymers comprising the cytoskeletal affects the way cells sense their extracellular environment and respond to stimuli. Because the cytoskeleton is viscoelastic, it provides a continuous mechanical coupling throughout the cell that changes as the cytoskeleton remodels. Such mechanical effects, based on network formation, can influence ion channel activity at the plasma membrane of cells and may conduct mechanical stresses from the cell membrane to internal organelles. As a result, both rapid responses such as changes in intracellular Ca2+ and slower responses such as gene transcription or the onset of apoptosis can be elicited or modulated by mechanical perturbations. In addition to mechanical features, the cytoskeleton also provides a large negatively charged surface on which many signaling molecules including protein and lipid kinases, phospholipases, and GTPases localize in response to activation of specific transmembrane receptors. The resulting spatial localization and concomitant change in enzymatic activity can alter the magnitude and limit the range of intracellular signaling events.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Biophys. JHome page
M. Jonas, H. Huang, R. D. Kamm, and P. T. C. So
Fast Fluorescence Laser Tracking Microrheometry, II: Quantitative Studies of Cytoskeletal Mechanotransduction
Biophys. J., July 15, 2008; 95(2): 895 - 909.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biophys. JHome page
N. Gavara, P. Roca-Cusachs, R. Sunyer, R. Farre, and D. Navajas
Mapping Cell-Matrix Stresses during Stretch Reveals Inelastic Reorganization of the Cytoskeleton
Biophys. J., July 1, 2008; 95(1): 464 - 471.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
J.-B. Shen and A. J. Pappano
An Estrogen Metabolite, 2-Methoxyestradiol, Disrupts Cardiac Microtubules and Unmasks Muscarinic Inhibition of Calcium Current
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., May 1, 2008; 325(2): 507 - 512.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
G. Soong, D. Parker, M. Magargee, and A. S. Prince
The Type III Toxins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Disrupt Epithelial Barrier Function
J. Bacteriol., April 15, 2008; 190(8): 2814 - 2821.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biophys. JHome page
R. Paul, P. Heil, J. P. Spatz, and U. S. Schwarz
Propagation of Mechanical Stress through the Actin Cytoskeleton toward Focal Adhesions: Model and Experiment
Biophys. J., February 15, 2008; 94(4): 1470 - 1482.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Exp BotHome page
M. Bosch and V. E. Franklin-Tong
Self-incompatibility in Papaver: signalling to trigger PCD in incompatible pollen
J. Exp. Bot., February 1, 2008; 59(3): 481 - 490.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biophys. JHome page
C. T. Mierke, P. Kollmannsberger, D. Paranhos Zitterbart, J. Smith, B. Fabry, and W. H. Goldmann
Mechano-Coupling and Regulation of Contractility by the Vinculin Tail Domain
Biophys. J., January 15, 2008; 94(2): 661 - 670.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
G. M. Thurston
Protein anisotropy turns solubility on its head
PNAS, November 27, 2007; 104(48): 18877 - 18878.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biophys. JHome page
G. Massiera, K. M. Van Citters, P. L. Biancaniello, and J. C. Crocker
Mechanics of Single Cells: Rheology, Time Dependence, and Fluctuations
Biophys. J., November 15, 2007; 93(10): 3703 - 3713.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
S. Tatur, N. Groulx, S. N. Orlov, and R. Grygorczyk
Ca2+-dependent ATP release from A549 cells involves synergistic autocrine stimulation by coreleased uridine nucleotides
J. Physiol., October 15, 2007; 584(2): 419 - 435.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Physiol.Home page
W. Zhang, L.-M. Fan, and W.-H. Wu
Osmo-Sensitive and Stretch-Activated Calcium-Permeable Channels in Vicia faba Guard Cells Are Regulated by Actin Dynamics
Plant Physiology, March 1, 2007; 143(3): 1140 - 1151.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol.Home page
T. J. Eddinger, J. D. Schiebout, and D. R. Swartz
Adherens junction-associated protein distribution differs in smooth muscle tissue and acutely isolated cells
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, February 1, 2007; 292(2): G684 - G697.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Bot.Home page
F. W. Telewski
A unified hypothesis of mechanoperception in plants
Am. J. Botany, October 1, 2006; 93(10): 1466 - 1476.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biophys. JHome page
Y. Tang, G. Cao, X. Chen, J. Yoo, A. Yethiraj, and Q. Cui
A Finite Element Framework for Studying the Mechanical Response of Macromolecules: Application to the Gating of the Mechanosensitive Channel MscL
Biophys. J., August 15, 2006; 91(4): 1248 - 1263.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Cell Biol.Home page
S. G. Thomas, S. Huang, S. Li, C. J. Staiger, and V. E. Franklin-Tong
Actin depolymerization is sufficient to induce programmed cell death in self-incompatible pollen
J. Cell Biol., July 17, 2006; 174(2): 221 - 229.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
C. Marty, T. Kozasa, M. T. Quinn, and R. D. Ye
Activation State-Dependent Interaction between G{alpha}i and p67phox.
Mol. Cell. Biol., July 1, 2006; 26(13): 5190 - 5200.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
A. M. Evans
AMP-activated protein kinase and the regulation of Ca2+ signalling in O2-sensing cells
J. Physiol., July 1, 2006; 574(1): 113 - 123.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.Home page
X. Trepat, F. Puig, N. Gavara, J. J. Fredberg, R. Farre, and D. Navajas
Effect of stretch on structural integrity and micromechanics of human alveolar epithelial cell monolayers exposed to thrombin
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, June 1, 2006; 290(6): L1104 - L1110.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Cell Sci.Home page
M. Gregor, A. Zeold, S. Oehler, K. A. Marobela, P. Fuchs, G. Weigel, D. G. Hardie, and G. Wiche
Plectin scaffolds recruit energy-controlling AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in differentiated myofibres
J. Cell Sci., May 1, 2006; 119(9): 1864 - 1875.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.Home page
J. Chen, S. Boyle, M. Zhao, W. Su, K. Takahashi, L. Davis, M. DeCaestecker, T. Takahashi, M. D. Breyer, and C.-M. Hao
Differential Expression of the Intermediate Filament Protein Nestin during Renal Development and Its Localization in Adult Podocytes
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., May 1, 2006; 17(5): 1283 - 1291.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
J. Ziembicki, R. Tandon, J. R. Schelling, J. R. Sedor, R. T. Miller, and C. Huang
Mechanical force-activated phospholipase D is mediated by G{alpha}12/13-Rho and calmodulin-dependent kinase in renal epithelial cells
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, October 1, 2005; 289(4): F826 - F834.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
N. Montalbetti, Q. Li, G. A Timpanaro, S. Gonzalez-Perrett, X.-Q. Dai, X.-Z. Chen, and H. F Cantiello
Cytoskeletal regulation of calcium-permeable cation channels in the human syncytiotrophoblast: role of gelsolin
J. Physiol., July 15, 2005; 566(2): 309 - 325.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
N. E. Vlahakis and R. D. Hubmayr
Cellular Stress Failure in Ventilator-injured Lungs
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., June 15, 2005; 171(12): 1328 - 1342.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biophys. JHome page
B. A. Smith, B. Tolloczko, J. G. Martin, and P. Grutter
Probing the Viscoelastic Behavior of Cultured Airway Smooth Muscle Cells with Atomic Force Microscopy: Stiffening Induced by Contractile Agonist
Biophys. J., April 1, 2005; 88(4): 2994 - 3007.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biophys. JHome page
N. Desprat, A. Richert, J. Simeon, and A. Asnacios
Creep Function of a Single Living Cell
Biophys. J., March 1, 2005; 88(3): 2224 - 2233.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biophys. JHome page
M. T. Valentine, Z. E. Perlman, T. J. Mitchison, and D. A. Weitz
Mechanical Properties of Xenopus Egg Cytoplasmic Extracts
Biophys. J., January 1, 2005; 88(1): 680 - 689.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cardiovasc ResHome page
Y. Nakamura, T. Miura, A. Nakano, Y. Ichikawa, T. Yano, H. Kobayashi, Y. Ikeda, T. Miki, and K. Shimamoto
Role of microtubules in ischemic preconditioning against myocardial infarction
Cardiovasc Res, November 1, 2004; 64(2): 322 - 330.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
S. Hu, L. Eberhard, J. Chen, J. C. Love, J. P. Butler, J. J. Fredberg, G. M. Whitesides, and N. Wang
Mechanical anisotropy of adherent cells probed by a three-dimensional magnetic twisting device
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, November 1, 2004; 287(5): C1184 - C1191.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.Home page
X. Trepat, M. Grabulosa, F. Puig, G. N. Maksym, D. Navajas, and R. Farre
Viscoelasticity of human alveolar epithelial cells subjected to stretch
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, November 1, 2004; 287(5): L1025 - L1034.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
S. Huang, L. Lifshitz, V. Patki-Kamath, R. Tuft, K. Fogarty, and M. P. Czech
Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate-Rich Plasma Membrane Patches Organize Active Zones of Endocytosis and Ruffling in Cultured Adipocytes
Mol. Cell. Biol., October 15, 2004; 24(20): 9102 - 9123.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Cell. ProteomicsHome page
S. D. X. Chuong, A. G. Good, G. J. Taylor, M. C. Freeman, G. B. G. Moorhead, and D. G. Muench
Large-scale Identification of Tubulin-binding Proteins Provides Insight on Subcellular Trafficking, Metabolic Channeling, and Signaling in Plant Cells
Mol. Cell. Proteomics, October 1, 2004; 3(10): 970 - 983.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.Home page
C. Boer, G. P. van Nieuw Amerongen, A. B. J. Groeneveld, G. J. Scheffer, J. J. de Lange, N. Westerhof, V. W. M. van Hinsbergh, and P. Sipkema
Smooth muscle F-actin disassembly and RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling during endotoxin-induced alterations in pulmonary arterial compliance
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, October 1, 2004; 287(4): L649 - L655.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biophys. JHome page
W. Feneberg, M. Aepfelbacher, and E. Sackmann
Microviscoelasticity of the Apical Cell Surface of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) within Confluent Monolayers
Biophys. J., August 1, 2004; 87(2): 1338 - 1350.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
Y. Zhao, H. Xiao, W. Long, W. J. Pearce, and L. D. Longo
Expression of several cytoskeletal proteins in ovine cerebral arteries: developmental and functional considerations
J. Physiol., July 15, 2004; 558(2): 623 - 632.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Leukoc. Biol.Home page
Z. A. Pfeiffer, M. Aga, U. Prabhu, J. J. Watters, D. J. Hall, and P. J. Bertics
The nucleotide receptor P2X7 mediates actin reorganization and membrane blebbing in RAW 264.7 macrophages via p38 MAP kinase and Rho
J. Leukoc. Biol., June 1, 2004; 75(6): 1173 - 1182.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
H. F. Cantiello
Regulation of calcium signaling by polycystin-2
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, June 1, 2004; 286(6): F1012 - F1029.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Cell Sci.Home page
G. Forgacs, S. H. Yook, P. A. Janmey, H. Jeong, and C. G. Burd
Role of the cytoskeleton in signaling networks
J. Cell Sci., June 1, 2004; 117(13): 2769 - 2775.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
A. M. Gomez, B.-G. Kerfant, G. Vassort, and A. J. Pappano
Autonomic regulation of calcium and potassium channels is oppositely modulated by microtubules in cardiac myocytes
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2004; 286(6): H2065 - H2071.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biophys. JHome page
J. A. Tuszynski, S. Portet, J. M. Dixon, C. Luxford, and H. F. Cantiello
Ionic Wave Propagation along Actin Filaments
Biophys. J., April 1, 2004; 86(4): 1890 - 1903.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Integr. Comp. Biol.Home page
M. K. Klose and R. M. Robertson
Stress-Induced Thermoprotection of Neuromuscular Transmission
Integr. Comp. Biol., February 1, 2004; 44(1): 14 - 20.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Biol. CellHome page
P. D. Arora, M. Glogauer, A. Kapus, D. J. Kwiatkowski, and C. A. McCulloch
Gelsolin Mediates Collagen Phagocytosis through a Rac-dependent Step
Mol. Biol. Cell, February 1, 2004; 15(2): 588 - 599.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
K. W. Li, M. P. Hornshaw, R. C. Van der Schors, R. Watson, S. Tate, B. Casetta, C. R. Jimenez, Y. Gouwenberg, E. D. Gundelfinger, K.-H. Smalla, et al.
Proteomics Analysis of Rat Brain Postsynaptic Density: IMPLICATIONS OF THE DIVERSE PROTEIN FUNCTIONAL GROUPS FOR THE INTEGRATION OF SYNAPTIC PHYSIOLOGY
J. Biol. Chem., January 9, 2004; 279(2): 987 - 1002.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
J. K. Makara, P. Koncz, G. L. Petheo, and A. Spat
Role of Cell Volume in K+-Induced Ca2+ Signaling by Rat Adrenal Glomerulosa Cells
Endocrinology, November 1, 2003; 144(11): 4916 - 4922.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
S. Hu, J. Chen, B. Fabry, Y. Numaguchi, A. Gouldstone, D. E. Ingber, J. J. Fredberg, J. P. Butler, and N. Wang
Intracellular stress tomography reveals stress focusing and structural anisotropy in cytoskeleton of living cells
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, November 1, 2003; 285(5): C1082 - C1090.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Physiol.Home page
F. Baluska, J. Samaj, P. Wojtaszek, D. Volkmann, and D. Menzel
Cytoskeleton-Plasma Membrane-Cell Wall Continuum in Plants. Emerging Links Revisited
Plant Physiology, October 1, 2003; 133(2): 482 - 491.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
J. Eggermont
Rho's role in cell volume: sensing, strutting, or signaling? Focus on "Hyperosmotic stress activates Rho: differential involvement in Rho kinase-dependent MLC phosphorylation and NKCC activation"
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, September 1, 2003; 285(3): C509 - C511.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
S. J. Gunst and J. J. Fredberg
The first three minutes: smooth muscle contraction, cytoskeletal events, and soft glasses
J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2003; 95(1): 413 - 425.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
S. Y. Boateng, T. J. Hartman, N. Ahluwalia, H. Vidula, T. A. Desai, and B. Russell
Inhibition of fibroblast proliferation in cardiac myocyte cultures by surface microtopography
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, July 1, 2003; 285(1): C171 - C182.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
J. L. Bricker, S. Chu, and S. A. Kempson
Disruption of F-actin stimulates hypertonic activation of the BGT1 transporter in MDCK cells
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, May 1, 2003; 284(5): F930 - F937.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Cell Sci.Home page
D. E. Ingber
Tensegrity II. How structural networks influence cellular information processing networks
J. Cell Sci., April 15, 2003; 116(8): 1397 - 1408.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Cell Sci.Home page
D. E. Ingber
Tensegrity I. Cell structure and hierarchical systems biology
J. Cell Sci., April 1, 2003; 116(7): 1157 - 1173.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biophys. JHome page
B. P. Helmke, A. B. Rosen, and P. F. Davies
Mapping Mechanical Strain of an Endogenous Cytoskeletal Network in Living Endothelial Cells
Biophys. J., April 1, 2003; 84(4): 2691 - 2699.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Biol. CellHome page
E. V. Shumilina, Y. A. Negulyaev, E. A. Morachevskaya, H. Hinssen, and S. Y. Khaitlina
Regulation of Sodium Channel Activity by Capping of Actin Filaments
Mol. Biol. Cell, April 1, 2003; 14(4): 1709 - 1716.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Circ. Res.Home page
P. F. Davies, J. Zilberberg, and B. P. Helmke
Spatial Microstimuli in Endothelial Mechanosignaling
Circ. Res., March 7, 2003; 92(4): 359 - 370.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biophys. JHome page
J. Alcaraz, L. Buscemi, M. Grabulosa, X. Trepat, B. Fabry, R. Farre, and D. Navajas
Microrheology of Human Lung Epithelial Cells Measured by Atomic Force Microscopy
Biophys. J., March 1, 2003; 84(3): 2071 - 2079.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
Y.-J. Jung, J. S. Isaacs, S. Lee, J. Trepel, and L. Neckers
Microtubule Disruption Utilizes an NFkappa B-dependent Pathway to Stabilize HIF-1alpha Protein
J. Biol. Chem., February 21, 2003; 278(9): 7445 - 7452.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biophys. JHome page
M. F. Coughlin and D. Stamenovic
A Prestressed Cable Network Model of the Adherent Cell Cytoskeleton
Biophys. J., February 1, 2003; 84(2): 1328 - 1336.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Exp BotHome page
C. J. Staiger and V. E. Franklin-Tong
The actin cytoskeleton is a target of the self-incompatibility response in Papaver rhoeas
J. Exp. Bot., January 1, 2003; 54(380): 103 - 113.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
N. E. Vlahakis, M. A. Schroeder, R. E. Pagano, and R. D. Hubmayr
Role of Deformation-induced Lipid Trafficking in the Prevention of Plasma Membrane Stress Failure
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., November 1, 2002; 166(9): 1282 - 1289.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
L. Loufrani, Z. Li, B. I. Levy, D. Paulin, and D. Henrion
Excessive Microvascular Adaptation to Changes in Blood Flow in Mice Lacking Gene Encoding for Desmin
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., October 1, 2002; 22(10): 1579 - 1584.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant CellHome page
B. N. Snowman, D. R. Kovar, G. Shevchenko, V. E. Franklin-Tong, and C. J. Staiger
Signal-Mediated Depolymerization of Actin in Pollen during the Self-Incompatibility Response
PLANT CELL, October 1, 2002; 14(10): 2613 - 2626.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Cell PhysiolHome page
G. Komis, P. Apostolakos, and B. Galatis
Hyperosmotic Stress Induces Formation of Tubulin Macrotubules in Root-Tip Cells of Triticum turgidum: Their Probable Involvement in Protoplast Volume Control
Plant Cell Physiol.,